Summer 2023

Question 1

Food travel ___ billion km annually by air, ship, train and road

Answer 1

30

Question 2

UK imported ___ tons of legumes from Kenya in ___, increased to ___ tons in ___

Answer 2

3800, 1988, 25000, 2005

Question 3

___% carbon dioxide emitted links to food, ___% to food transport

Answer 3

17, 11

Question 4

___ tons of legumes and cut flowers are ready to be sold in UK each night prepared by ___

Answer 4

350, Kenya

Question 5

Hydroponics

Answer 5

grow plants without soil, only with water and minerals

Question 6

Advantages of hydroponics

Answer 6

use anywhere, completely control over climate, use 10% of normal water

Question 7

Disadvantages of hydroponics

Answer 7

requires expertise, expensive, risk of water and electricity waste

Question 8

Agribusiness

Answer 8

farms ran like business, bigger and more machines

Question 9

Advantages of agribusiness

Answer 9

food security, low consumer prices, research and development requires jobs

Question 10

Disadvantages of agribusiness

Answer 10

increased use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides, reduces biodiversity, mechanisms took over jobs

Question 11

Last decade UK’s energy mix ___. This is because the ___ industry decreased and ___ is more efficient

Answer 11

decreased, industrial, technology

Question 12

___% of UK’s energy source have been exhausted, so ___ are used

Answer 12

75, imports

Question 13

UK governments realised burning ___ produces ___ and agreed to close all coal powered stations by ___, converting to ___ plants or ___ them

Answer 13

coal, pollution, 2025, biomass, decomission

Question 14

___ power plants impose large radiation risks

Answer 14

Nuclear

Question 15

Causes of water pollution

Answer 15

chemical run off
hot water from industries into rivers
untreated waste
runoff from roads
rubbish
boats and ships
sewage

Question 16

Impacts of water pollution

Answer 16

eutrophication by fertilisers
pesicides ruin ecosystem
water based jobs cannot carry out

Question 17

UK managements of water pollution

Answer 17

legislation
waste water treatment
pollution traps
green roofs and walls

Question 18

Water is needed in NEEs because___

Answer 18

they are used in secondary industry

Question 19

Water insecurity impacts in industry

Answer 19

people need to queue for water and pay
growth of NEEs require water
China use +50% water in world by 2030, less water = -$40 billion production
coal power plants require water

Question 20

Water insecurity impacts in waterborne diseases and pollution

Answer 20

LICs and NEEs have no access to sanitation = high pollution
open sewers in squatter settlements
cholera and dysentery
public services limit use of water = health risk

Question 21

Water insecurity impacts in food production

Answer 21

USA produce 30% of global food from maize, droughts = no food
70% water used in agriculture, less water = death of animals and crops

Question 22

Water insecurity impacts in water conflict

Answer 22

rivers, aquifers cause conflict over ownership
war occur over water (Sudan)
Egypt control Nile, conflict
dams built restricts water flow, war as downstream has no water (Turkey (90% Euphrates river control), Iraq, Syria)

Question 23

SNWTP

Answer 23

South to North water transfer project

Question 24

SNWTP pros

Answer 24

move 271 trillion L per year
increase food security
provides employment
reduction in groundwater with drawal

Question 25

SNWTP cons

Answer 25

1.2 million relocated over 17 years
only 1/3 capacity in use
400,000 displaced
possible pollution
risk of Han river drying up
back flow in coastal area
$2 billion more required for antipollution
already $62 b
sanitation

Question 26

How do sand dams work?

Answer 26

dam build
flood water trapped behind dam
sand trapped behind dam
water filter through sand
stored as sanitary water
no evaporation
wells dug to access trapped water
replenished every rain season

Question 27

__ to __ % sand volume is water

Answer 27

25, 40

Question 28

Who and where do they use sand dams?

Answer 28

Southern Kenya: Makueni, Kitui and Machakos
African sand dam foundation (ASDF) and The Charitable Foundation (TCF) partnered since 2012, 30+ dams built

Question 29

Why are sand dams good? (EC)

Answer 29

low cost and maintenance
more water for crops and livestock, more sales
height of dam can be increased over time, cheap

Question 30

Why are sand dams good? (S)

Answer 30

social cohesion
self-help and power
clearer water
no longer need to walk 10km for water

Question 31

Why are sand dams good? (EN)

Answer 31

no destruction of habitats
grow crops and vegetations on side of dam

Question 32

Lower Lea Valley, London, urban regeneration before

Answer 32

very limited green
brownfield sites
water pollution
land pollution
250 business
500 homes

Question 33

Lower Lea Valley, London, urban regeneration after

Answer 33

more jobs, e.g. Here East - 5000, Westfield Stratford City - 10,000
clean water and soil
E20 new postcode
£9.3b regen
better transport
flooded wetland plants to prevent village flood, habitat
EAST VILLAGE

Question 34

East village

Answer 34

2800 homes, affordable
35 independent business for local money income
school for 3-18 and 1800 students
2 new sports venues
27 hectares, 10 hectares green

Question 35

Transport after regeneration in London

Answer 35

Stratford international station
close to living space
more bus routes
local stations