Summative Test (part B)

Question 1

What is the function of the Digestive System?

Answer 1

To break down food and absorb nutrients necessary for survival. Involves both mechanical and chemical digestion.

Question 2

What is the function of the mouth?

Answer 2

Mechanical digestion (chewing); Chemical digestion (amylase in saliva).

Question 3

What is the function of the epiglottis?

Answer 3

Prevents food from entering the trachea.

Question 4

What is the function of the Oesophagus?

Answer 4

Moves food to stomach via peristalsis.

Question 5

What does the stomach do?

Answer 5

Uses hydrochloric acid and pepsin to break down food, turning it into digestible liquid.

Question 6

What is the function of the small intestine?

Answer 6

Absorbs nutrients via villi and microvilli.

Question 7

What is the function of the large intestine?

Answer 7

Absorbs water and forms feces.

Question 8

What is the function of the rectum/anus?

Answer 8

Stores and expels waste.

Question 9

What does amylase do?

Answer 9

Breaks down carbohydrates.

Question 10

What does pepsin do?

Answer 10

Breaks down proteins.

Question 11

What does trypsin do?

Answer 11

Further protein digestion.

Question 12

What does lypase do?

Answer 12

Breaks down fats.

Question 13

What does the bile do?

Answer 13

(from liver, stored in gallbladder): Emulsifies fats.

Question 14

What does the villi do?

Answer 14

Finger-like projections that increase surface area for absorption.

Question 15

What does the microvilli do?

Answer 15

Smaller projections that further maximize absorption

Question 16

What does the lacteal do?

Answer 16

Absorbs lipids.

Question 17

What is the function of the excretory system?

Answer 17

Removes waste and maintains homeostasis.

Question 18

What is the function of the kidneys?

Answer 18

Filters blood and produces urine.

Question 19

What is the function of the ureter?

Answer 19

Carries urine to the bladder.

Question 20

What is the function of the bladder?

Answer 20

Stores urine.

Question 21

What is the function of the urethra?

Answer 21

To expel urine from the body.

Question 22

What is the function of the Renal Artery?

Answer 22

Supplies blood to the kidney.

Question 23

What is the function of the Renal Vein?

Answer 23

Carries filtered blood away from the kidney.

Question 24

What is the function of the Glomerulus?

Answer 24

Filters waste blood.

Question 25

What is the function of the Proximal Tubule?

Answer 25

Reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, water.

Question 26

What is the function of the loop of Henle?

Answer 26

Concentrates urine by reabsorbing water.

Question 27

What is the function of the Distal Tubule?

Answer 27

Regulates ions & pH.

Question 28

What is the function of the Collecting Duct?

Answer 28

Final water re-absorption, urine formation.

Question 29

What is moved to the glomerus for filtration?

Answer 29

Blood is moved to the glomerulus for filtration. It filters blood plasma into the bowman's casual.

Question 30

What is Osmoregulation?

Answer 30

Water balance controlled by Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) from the pituitary gland.

Question 31

What is chemical digestion?

Answer 31

Breakdown of food using enzymes and digestive chemicals.

Question 32

What is mechanical digestion?

Answer 32

Physical breakdown of food (chewing, churning in stomach).

Question 33

What is an enzyme and what does it do?

Answer 33

Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in digestion.

Question 34

What is the Gastrointestinal Tract?

Answer 34

The pathway food takes from the mouth to the anus.

Question 35

What are Accessory Digestive Organs?

Answer 35

Organs that aid digestion but food does not pass through them (e.g., liver, pancreas, gall bladder).

Question 36

What does the salivary gland do?

Answer 36

Produces saliva containing amylase.

Question 37

What is the pharynx?

Answer 37

Passageway for food and air.

Question 38

What does the gallbladder do?

Answer 38

Stores and releases bile.

Question 39

What does the pancreas do?

Answer 39

Produces digestive enzymes (amylase, trypsin, lipase).

Question 40

What is absorption?

Answer 40

Process by which nutrients pass from the digestive tract into the bloodstream.

Question 41

What nutrients are absorbed during absorption?

Answer 41

Glucose, Amino Acids, Fatty Acids.

Question 42

What is the role of carbohydrates?

Answer 42

Broken down into glucose for energy

Question 43

What is the role of proteins?

Answer 43

Broken down into amino acids for growth/repair.

Question 44

What is the purpose of lipids (fats)?

Answer 44

To be broken down into fatty acids for energy storage.

Question 45

What is the cortex?

Answer 45

Outer layer of kidney, contains nephrons.

Question 46

What is the medulla?

Answer 46

Inner region of kidney, helps concentrate urine.

Question 47

What are the 3 components of the small intestine?

Answer 47

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum