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BIOCHEMISTRY LAB > SUMMATIVE TEST 1 > Flashcards

SUMMATIVE TEST 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What cells in the human body are enucleate?

A

RBCs

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2
Q

The perinuclear cisterna is surrounded by

DNA synthesis

A

two membranes

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3
Q

What is the main role of CHROMATIIN?

A

RNA synthesis

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4
Q

The endoplasmic reticulum is continuous

with what nuclear structure?

A

Outer nuclear membrane

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5
Q

What phase of the cell cycle

does the NUCLEOLUS DISAPPEAR?

A

Outer nuclear membrane

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6
Q

The cell site for secretory, lysosomal, &

membrane proteins is the

A

RER

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7
Q

The cell site for detoxification, lipid synthesis,

& muscle relaxation and contraction is the

A

SER

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8
Q

Which two cell types are characterized by

abundance of RER?

A

Plasma cells and

Goblet cells

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9
Q

Which cell type is characterized by

abundance of SER?

A

Hepatocytes

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10
Q

The double membrane of the mitochondrion
divides the said organelle into the
intermembrane compartment and the

A

Matrix

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11
Q

Which substances are NOT found in the

mitochondria?

A

Chromosomes

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12
Q

What is the most important role of the

mitochondria

A

ATP synthesis

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13
Q

Which task is NOT performed by the Golgi

apparatus?

A

Elongation & oxidation of fatty acids

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14
Q

Which task is performed by the trans-Golgi

network

A

Distribution of proteins to their final

destination

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15
Q

What organelle is the cis-Golgi network

associated with?

A

RER

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16
Q

What organelle is responsible for the

degradation of endocytosed materials?

A

Lysosome

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17
Q

Which organellar pair is responsible for the

intracellular degradation pathway?

A

Golgi and lysososme

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18
Q

The following are functions of the

cytoskeleton EXCEPT

A

Promote cell division and growth

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19
Q

How are proteins transferred to the Golgi

body?

A

via vesicles

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20
Q

Email address

A
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21
Q 
Full Name (Family Name, Given Name/s,
Middle Initial)
A
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22
Q

Section (A, B or C) & Batch No. (1, 2, 3 and so

on) & Table No. (1, 2, 3 and so on)

A
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23
Q

The characteristic of organisms that results
from somatic cells having higher rate of
synthesis than catabolism is

A

Growth

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24
Q 
The PAS (Periodic acid Schiff) stain is used for the histological staining of the following
EXCEPT
A

Glycerol

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25
Q

The fractionated organelles after
homogenization of cells spun at 10,000 g for
15 minutes using an ultracentrifuge include

A

Mitochondria & lysosomes

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26
Q

Xenobiotics include the following elements EXCEPT

A

Co

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27
Q

The luminal space of which organelle is
continuous with the outer membrane of the
nuclear envelope?

A

Rough ER

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28
Q

The substance that is quantitated in body

fluids using the pH electrode is the

A

H30+ (Hydronium ion)

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29
Q

The ubiquitous lysosomal enzyme cathepsin

digest which type of biomolecules?

A

Proteins

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30
Q

Acidophilic cell portions stain with acidic
dyes because of their high protein content.
These include all of the following EXCEPT

A

Ribosomal RNA

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31
Q

Which of the following structural atoms is a

nonmetal?

A

Iodine

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32
Q

The number of carbon atoms in

glyceraldehyde is

A

Three

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33
Q

Which of the following compounds DOES

NOT technically have a carbonyl group?

A

Ether

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34
Q

Which compound has no oxygen in its

chemical structure?

A

Methylamine

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35
Q

Which among the following compounds that
can pass through membranes has the LEAST
molecular weight?

A

Ammonia

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36
Q

A DERIVATIVE OF ORGANIC ACIDS includes

one of the following:

A

Amide

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37
Q

The functional groups present in a
polypeptide may include the following
EXCEPT

A

Ether

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38
Q

Proteases and other protein-cleaving

enzymes digest by cleaving

A

Peptide bonds

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39
Q

One of the following chemical bonds is a

noncovalent or weak bond. Which one is it?

A

Hydrogen

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40
Q

One of the following chemical bonds is a

high-energy bond. Which one is it?

A

Phosphoric ester

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41
Q

The sum total of all chemical processes in an

organism is termed

A

Metabolism

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42
Q

Which characteristic can be exhibited by

nonliving systems?

A

External increase in size

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43
Q

Nucleic acids can be found in the following

cell parts EXCEPT

A

Rough ER

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44
Q

Prokaryotes are characterized by the

following EXCEPT

A

Absence of DNA & RNA

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45
Q

Which compounds have ester bonds?

A

Chromosomal satellite

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46
Q

. The organelle with the most variable

composition is the

A

Vacuole

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47
Q

Which human organelle has DNA material?

A

Mitochondrion

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48
Q

Which functional group is NOT found in the

biomolecule below?

A

Amide

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49
Q

. Which macromolecule is made up of the
building block whose chemical structure is
shown below?

A

DNA

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50
Q

A solution with a pH of > 7.0 is said to be

A

Basic

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51
Q

A buffer is a system that act to

A

Be carriers of ions

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52
Q

Zwitterions are always characterized by the

following EXCEPT

A

Presence of carboxyl & amino groups

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53
Q

The biomolecules that are described as

amphipathic all belong to

A

Lipids

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54
Q

The ability of organisms to respond to

environmental stimuli is termed

A

Irritability

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55
Q

The process by which organisms produce
proteins immediately and develop new
structures in response to changes in the
environment in order to survive is

A

Adaptation

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56
Q

The peptide bond of proteins is formed
between which functional groups of adjacent
amino acids?

A

Carboxyl & amino

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57
Q

What organelles is synthesized by the

nucleolar organizing region (NOR)?

A

Ribosomes

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58
Q

Which compounds have no ability to form

ester linkage with other molecules?

A

Cystine

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59
Q

The organelle where carbohydrate-bearing

conjugated compounds are produced is the

A

Golgi body

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60
Q

Which organelle DO NOT have DNA material?

A

Golgi apparatus

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61
Q

What micronutrient is highly associated with

mediation of insulin function in the body?

A

Chromium

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62
Q

The collective term microsomes include all

of the structures usually derived from what

A

Rough ER

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63
Q

Freeze fracture etching is used to study

which cell organelle?

A

Cell membrane

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64
Q

Which microscopic method is ideal for the
study of stained cellular structures and
chemical components?

A

Brightfield

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65
Q

Which organelle is associated with ergastic

substances, V-type ATPase, and tonoplast?

A

Vacuole

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66
Q

The cytochrome P-450 (CYP 450) enzyme

complex is found in the

A

SER

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67
Q

The tetravalent atoms include the following

elements EXCEPT

A

Phosphorus

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68
Q

The source of vasodilating nitric oxide (NO)

gas in the body is the amino acid

A

Arginine

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69
Q

Xenobiotics include the following substances

EXCEPT

A

Ethanol

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70
Q

. The covalent bond found in proteins is the

A

Amide bond

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71
Q

Which of the following is NOT a high-energy

compound?

A

Dihydrogen phosphate ion

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72
Q

The tetravalent atom that serves as the
skeletal backbone of organic molecules in
the body is the

A

Carbon

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73
Q

Radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced when hydrocarbon compounds
react with

A

Oxidants

74
Q

The source of vasodilating nitric oxide (NO)

gas in the body is the

A

Amino acid

75
Q

Xenobiotics include the following elements

EXCEPT

A

Chromium

76
Q

Which ion can be normally derived from the

gastric contents?

A

Chloride

77
Q

The substance that is quantitated in blood
using the pH electrode is highly concentrated
in the organelle

A

Mitochondrion

78
Q

The covalent bond found in proteins is

A

Disulfide bond

79
Q

Which of the following structural atoms is a

nonmetal?

A

Sulfur

80
Q

The number of carbon atoms in ethyl alcohol

A

2

81
Q

Which functional group is an analog of

hydroxyl?

A

Sulfhydry

82
Q

Which compound has NO NITROGEN in its

chemical structure?

A

Amylmethyl ketone

83
Q

Which among the following compounds that
can pass through membranes has the
HIGHEST molecular weight?

A

Urea

84
Q

Derivatives of organic acids include the

following:

A

Ether

85
Q

The glycosidic bond produced between two

monomeric sugars in a disaccharide is an

A

Ether bond

86
Q

One of the following chemical bonds is a

noncovalent or weak bond. Which one is it?

A

Dipole-Dipole

87
Q

Hydration and electrical balance in-and-out
of the cells are roles of the following
electrolytes EXCEPT

A

Calcium

88
Q

Which functional groups are found in the

biomolecule below?

A

✓ Carboxyl & Double bond

89
Q 
What class of compound does the molecule
below belong to?
A

Alcohol

90
Q

How many functional groups are there in the

structure shown below?

A

Two

91
Q

What description fits this molecule below?

Amphipathic

A

Triple ester

92
Q

What covalent bond is found in the molecule

below?

A

Disulfide

93
Q

Which conjugated compound comprise the lipid profile of a patient? *

A

Lipoprotein

94
Q

Chain elongation of fatty acids occurring in mammalian liver takes place in which of the following subcellular functions? (1) Nuclear; (2) Mitochondrial; (3) Microsomal; and (4) Supernatants of 100,000 x g (60 minutes) *

A

2 and 4 only

95
Q

A biological membrane is functional because of its:

A

protein moiety

96
Q

Extracellular fluids in the body usually have high levels of the following inorganic ions EXCEPT

A

Proteinate

97
Q

Sphingolipids are an important constituent of what type of tissue?

A

brain tissues

98
Q

Which 4 of the following CELL PART-ENZYME pairs are correct matches of organelle and its constituent enzyme?

A

Nucleus-DNA ligase ; Cell membrane-brush border lactase ; SER-Cytochrome P450 reductase ; Cell wall - protein synthase

99
Q

Examples such as chylomicrons, HDL & VLDL all are classed as what type of conjugated compound?

A

Lipoprotein

100
Q

Lactic dehydrogenase, Glucose oxidase & Biliverdin reductase all belong to which Enzyme Class?

A

Class 1

101
Q

A serum sample drawn in the emergency room from a 42-year-old man yielded the following laboratory results: CK is 385 Units. (Normal = 15-160); AST is 73 Units. (Normal = 0-48); and CK-MB is 106 Units.(Normal = 2-12). Which of the following conditions might account for these values?

A

Myocardial infarction

102
Q

Biologic membranes are (1) Composed of protein and lipid bilayers; (2) Void of enzymatic activity; (3) Capable of transporting sodium ions against a chemical gradient; and (4) Primary producers of intracellular energy. The correct phrase/s is/are:

A

transfer of hydroxyl - cyanocobalamin

103
Q

Water may be added to a carbon-carbon double bond without breaking the bond in which of the following enzymes?

A

hydrolase

104
Q

Which 3 methods are ideal for the study of stained cellular structures and chemical components?

A

Brightfield microscopy
Histochemical methods
Cytochemical studies

105
Q

Which of the following enzyme pairs CANNOT be used in the diagnosis of liver disorders?

A

ACP & ALS

106
Q

Examples like aggrecan, perlecan and testican belong to which conjugated compound?

A

Proteoglycan

107
Q

Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, Hexokinase & AST all belong to which Enzyme Class?

A

• Class 2

108
Q

Which conjugated compound is heavily glycosylated protein core with glycosaminoglycans (GAG)?

A

• Proteoglycan

109
Q

Which conjugated compound has the alcohol sphingosine as backbone material?

A

• Glycolipid

110
Q

In competitive inhibition of an enzyme reaction the

A

Inhibitor binds to the enzyme at the same site as the substrate

111
Q

What characteristic of the biologic membranes that drives them to form the membrane bilayers?

A

presence of hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions

112
Q

Which enzyme pair has clinical utility for AMI (acute myocardial infarction) detection?

A

• LDH & AST

113
Q

What allows compartmentalization in a cell?

A

• lipid membranes

114
Q

The Km value & Vmax in uncompetitive inhibition are

A

• both decreased

115
Q

Which of the following is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of fructose- 1, 6-diphosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate?

A

• Aldolase

116
Q

The first protein marker of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the muscle protein

A

• myoglobin

117
Q

Given the following results: Alkaline phosphatase that is slightly increased; Alanine Aminotransferase that is Slightly increased; Aspartate aminotransferase that is slightly increased; and Gamma – glutamyl transferase that is slightly increased. This is most consistent with

A

• Chronic hepatitis

118
Q

Which conjugated compound has NO repeating glycan units attached to its protein moiety?

A
  • Glycoprotein
  • Lipoprotein
  • Nucleoprotein
119
Q

Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the conversion of starch to glucose and maltose?

A

• Amylase (AMS)

120
Q

Which of the following enzymes are used in the diagnosis of pancreatitis?

A

• Amylase (AMS) and lipase (LPS)

121
Q

Which among the following conjugated compounds are found in connective tissues to strengthen them ?

A

• Proteoglycan

122
Q

The official name of an enzyme is accompanied by an EC followed by 4 numbers separated by dots. What does EC stand for?

A

• Enzyme Commission

123
Q

Another name for phosphatidylcholine is

A

• lecithin

124
Q

. A physician suspects his patient has pancreatitis. Which test(s) would be most indicative of this disease?

A

• LPS & AMS

125
Q 
Fluidity of the membranes are crucial to the following processes EXCEPT
•	exocytosis
•	endocytosis
•	membrane trafficking
•	membrane biogenesis
A

• none of these

126
Q

The Nicholson-Singer fluid mosaic model of biological membranes incorporates which of the following features? (1) Membrane proteins are layered at aqueous interfaces; (2) Most of the membrane lipids are in a bilayer form; (3) Membrane lipids are not free to diffuse laterally; and (4) Membrane proteins may be free to diffuse laterally.

A

• 2 and 4 only

127
Q

In proteins, enzymes which are regarded as globular proteins have

A

• tertiary structure

128
Q

Given that the standard free-energy change (ΔGo’) for the hydrolysis of ATP is -7.3 kcal/mol and that for the hydrolysis of glucose-6-phosphate is +3.3 kcal/mol, what is the ΔGo for the phosphorylation of glucose? Glucose + ATP —-> Glucose-6-PO4 + ADP

A

• -7.3 kcal/mol

129
Q

The thin section of isolated ghost cells of RBC may be said to: (1) Be composed of about 50% protein and 50% lipid; (2) Contain membrane lipids composed of about 50% cholesterol; (3) Contain glycoproteins; and (4) Contain nuclear membrane vesicles

A

• 1,2 and 3

130
Q

Michaelis & Menten did not make which of the following assumptions concerning analyses of enzyme action? (S = substrate; P = product; E = enzyme)

A

• Plotting the reciprocal of [V] and [S] will produce an ideal linear curve

131
Q

In the study of enzymes, a sigmoidal plot of substrate concentration ([S]) versus reaction velocity (V) may indicate

A

• Michaelis-Menten kinetics

132
Q

The outer leaflet of the membranes is predominated by what phospholipid?

A

• phosphatidylcholine

133
Q

The sugar constituents of glycoproteins and glycolipids are usually found on which side of the membranes?

A

• extracellular side

134
Q

Which conjugated compound makes up mainly the membrane lipids in the brain?

A

• Glycolipid

135
Q

The most abundant organic molecules in a biologic membrane are the:

A

• phospholipids

136
Q

Which statement about most enzymes is incorrect

A

• They are not affected by changes in temperature

137
Q

Which of the following molecules CANNOT pass through membranes easily?

A

• sodium ions

138
Q

The presence increased CK-MB activity on a CK electrophoresis pattern is most likely found in a patient suffering from

A

• Myocardial infarction

139
Q

Enzymes found in lysosomes include which of the following? (1) Ribonuclease; (2) Β- galactosidase; (3) Acid phosphatase; and (4) Cathepsins

A

• 1,2,3 and 4

140
Q

The diagrammatic structure to the right most (figure 2) clearly represents the configuration model that membrane lipids are expected to take after which process in the body:

A

• Bile emulsification of fats

141
Q

A protein structure found in mitotic spindles, eukaryotic flagella, and nerve axons is the

A

• Microtubules

142
Q

What 2 structures do phospholipids spontaneously form when placed in water?

A

micelles ;

bilayer

143
Q

Examples such as globosides, sulfatides & glucocerebrosides constitute which class of conjugated compound?

A

• Glycolipid

144
Q

A demonstrable inducer is ABSENT in which one of the following types of enzymes?

A

• constitutive enzymes

145
Q

Which of the following materials & structures where lecithin is NOT a component thereof?

A

• stored oil droplets of adipocytes

146
Q

The Km value & Vmax in competitive inhibition are

A

• increased and unchanged respectively

147
Q

Which conjugated compound has histone-containing and highly coiled DNA fraction?

A

• Nucleoprotein

148
Q

Increased total lactic dehydrogenase (LD) activity, confirmed to fraction 1 and 2 , is most likely to be associated with:

A

• Acute myocardial infarction

149
Q

The site of intracellular protein synthesis is the: (1) Rough endoplasmic reticulum; (2) Golgi apparatuses;(3) Polysomes; and (4) Nucleus

A

• 1 and 3 only

150
Q

Which fraction is expected to be elevated immediately after a heavy meal

A

• ALP (Alkaline phosphatase)

151
Q

Is an enzyme in a person’s blood that helps break down proteins.

A

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)

152
Q

Cholesterol esterase, ALP & 5’-Nucleotidase all belong to which Enzyme Class?

A

• Class 3

153
Q

Intracellular fluids are usually rich in the following ions EXCEPT:

A

• Calcium

154
Q

Which of the following enzymes or complex enzyme system is found localized in the inner membrane of mitochondria?

A

• Succinate dehydrogenases

155
Q

A typical biologic membrane would be most likely to have which of the following per cent weight compositions of Lipid - Protein - Carbohydrate - RNA?

A

• 35% 55% 5% 0%

156
Q

Which conjugated compound makes up the phosphoproteins found in viral particles?

A

• Nucleoprotein

157
Q

The most sensitive enzymatic indicator for liver damage from ethanol intake leading to cirrhosis is

A

• gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)

158
Q

Enzymes as classic catalysts accomplish which of the following energy effects?

A

• lower the energy of activation

159
Q

A purely competitive enzyme inhibitor has which of the following kinetic effects?

A

• increases Km without affecting Vmax

160
Q

Synthesis of an enzyme promoted by the substrate on which it acts, is characterized by the term

A

• induction

161
Q

A coenzyme or a metal ion that is very tightly or covalently bound to the enzyme is called a/an

A

• prosthetic group

162
Q

Km and Vmax can be determined from the Lineweaver-Burk plot of the Michaelis-Menten equation shown below. When V is the reaction rate at substrate concentration S, the x-axis experimental data is expressed as

A

• 1/S

163
Q

Examples such as the O-linked or N-linked glycosides are classified as which type of conjugated compound?

A

• Glycosaminoglycans

164
Q

The inner leaflet of membranes are predominantly made of

A

• phosphatidylethanolamine & phosphatidylserine

165
Q

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) are both elevated in which of the following disease?

A

• viral hepatitis

166
Q

Which two conditions can “physiologically” elevate serum alkaline phosphatase?

A

pubertal growth, third trimester of pregnancy

167
Q

Which conjugated compound is found in membranes as antigenic determinants?

A

• Glycolipid

168
Q

Which of the following chemical determinations may be of help in establishing the presence of seminal fluid?

A

• Acid phosphatase

169
Q

. Macroenzymes are occasionally seen as persistent aberrant bands on electrophoresis with larger molecular weight than their corresponding normal form. They generally represent

A

• Enzymes bound to immunoglobulins.

170
Q

. Increased total lactic dehydrogenase (LD) activity, confirmed to fraction 4 and 5 , is most likely to be associated with

A

• Acute viral hepatitis

171
Q

Which statement about the active site is incorrect?

A

• It is composed of linearly arranged amino acid chain.

172
Q

. Most of the following membranes in the body have proteins exceeding lipid content EXCEPT:

A

• Myelin membrane

173
Q

A coenzyme could be any of the following EXCEPT

A

• inorganic ion

174
Q

what organelles are phospholipids synthesized

A

• ER

175
Q

. What 2 factors influence the FLUIDITY of the membranes?

A
  • cholesterol content of membranes ;

* unsaturated fatty acid content of the membranes

176
Q

Given the following results: Alkaline phosphatase that is marked increased; Alanine Aminotransferase that is Slightly increased; Aspartate aminotransferase that is slightly increased; and Gamma – glutamyl transferase that is marked increased. This is most consistent with:

A

• Obstructive jaundice

177
Q

Which of the following sets of results would be consistent with macroamylasemia?

A

• Increased serum amylase and normal urine amylase values

178
Q

Which anticoagulant cannot be used for plasma collection for enzyme assays because it is regarded as an enzyme poison?

A

• fluoride

179
Q

Regulatory chemicals such as FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) & LH (luteinizing hormone) all belong to which conjugated compound grouping?

A

• Glycoprotein

180
Q

The Km value & Vmax in noncompetitive inhibition are

A

• unchanged and decreased respectively

181
Q

Which among the following conjugated compounds have characteristic micellar structure with polar coat and lipid core

A

• Lipoprotein

BIOCHEMISTRY LAB (1 decks)

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