Summative Quiz - Plague

Question 1

What are the types of pathogens?

Answer 1

Viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, prions and macroparasite

Question 2

Which diseases are caused by fungi?

Answer 2

Ringworm, athletes foot

Question 3

Which disease are caused by viruses?

Answer 3

AIDS.
Common cold.
Ebola.
Genital herpes.
Influenza.
Measles.
Chickenpox and shingles.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Question 4

Which diseases are caused by bacteria?

Answer 4

Legionnaires’ disease.
meningococcal disease.
Q fever.
strep throat.
tuberculosis (TB)
whooping cough (pertussis)
Scarlet fever
Salmonella

Question 5

What is caused by pathogens?

Answer 5

An infectious disease

Question 6

Define an infectious disease

Answer 6

Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens — disease-causing organisms. There are different types of pathogens including some bacteria, viruses and fungi. The pathogen lives in or on the body of the sick person and under the right conditions it can be transmitted from one person to another, so infectious diseases are also called transmittable diseases.

Question 7

What are some types of non-infectious diseases?

Answer 7

Cancer, mental and inherited

Question 8

What does contagious mean?

Answer 8

Pathogen can be spread from one animal to another

Question 9

What does infectious mean?

Answer 9

Pathogen can invade the body

Question 10

What is the difference between being contagious and being infectious?

Answer 10

The difference between infectious and contagious is that you can be infected without being contagious, but you cannot be contagious without being infected. Being infected may or may not produce symptoms of the disease

Question 11

What is an example of indirect contact?

Answer 11

Animal/insect/tick bites, flies moving from decaying matter

Question 12

How does a vaccine work?

Answer 12

A vaccine is a substance containing a weakened or killed strain of a virus.
It exposes the body to the foreign antigen, and the body responds by producing antibodies which are then available to deal with any new, real infections before they take hold and make the person sick

Question 13

What are the body’s 3 lines of defense?

Answer 13

1. Any barrier between the outside world and inside our bodies.
2. Non-specific innate responses
3. Specific adaptive responses.

Question 14

What is the body’s first line of defense?

Answer 14

-Like skin and mucus.
- It is non-specific which means it’ll take out anything

Question 15

What is the body’s second line of defense?

Answer 15

-Mast cell: Assists with allergic and inflammatory responses
-Macrophage: Engulfs and digests pathogens
-Phagocytes: Engulfs and digests pathogens
-Non-specific

Question 16

What is the body’s third line of defense?

Answer 16

-Antigens is something that the body recognises isn’t a apart of itself so it will try to take it out.
-3rd line is a specific line of defence meaning it will only target specific pathogens
-Cell-mediated: Cytotoxic T cell is a apart of this response. It takes out infected cells by sending out a protein called perforin that causes the cell to perform apoptosis, which is basically a kind of self-destruct
-The cells presents an antigen that is part of the pathogen it has been infected with. It’s basically like an SOS, then the T cell destroys it
-However, another way to stimulate this response is when a phagocyte eats an pathogen and presents an antigen which is then processed by a helper T cell that sends out signals to the Cytotoxic T cell
-Humoral: When the helper T cell sends out signals about the antigen from the phagocyte, it can also stimulate B cells which produce antibodies for the antigen

Question 17

What does this mean?
🚀 -> 🪐

Answer 17

A rocket flying into space

Question 18

What pathogen causes malaria?

Answer 18

A protozoa

Question 19

What is the meaning of virulence?

Answer 19

the severity or harmfulness of a disease or poison

Answer is still correct if it doesn’t include poison

Question 20

What are antigens?

Answer 20

An antigen is any substance that makes your body produce antibodies against it

Question 21

What are phagoctyes?

Answer 21

A type of cell that surrounds and kills microorganisms it deems foreign. It also removes dead cells

Question 22

What are B cells?

Answer 22

A white blood cell that created antibodies

Question 24

What diseases are caused by Prions?

Answer 24

Mad cow disease

Question 25

What are antibodies?

Answer 25

Are proteins that help eliminate foreign substances from your body. They bind themselves to the unwanted substance and in order to eliminate them

Question 26

What are killer T cells

Answer 26

It’s an immune cell that kills certain cells, infected cells, foreign cells and cancer cells

Question 27

What are memory cells?

Answer 27

A cell that has remembered previous infection and mounts a faster immune system response

Question 28

What are antigens?

Answer 28

Markers that identify a virus or bacteria

Question 29

Portals of entry?

Question 30

What are antibiotics?