Summative Quiz 1 Flashcards
It is a set of rules and principles that govern the structure, composition, and usage of a language.
Grammar
It encompasses the arrangement of words into sentences, the formation of meaningful units, and the proper use of sounds and symbols
Grammar
The arrangement of words to form sentences.
Syntax
The study of the structure and formation of words.
Morphology
The study of meaning in language.
Semantics
The use of symbols (like commas, periods, etc.) to indicate pauses, stops, or divisions in written language.
Punctuation
These are composed of sentences and paragraphs that convey meaning.
Texts
These are units of language that express a complete thought.
Sentences
these are the basic units of language and the building blocks of sentences.
Words
_____ and _____ are two fundamental aspects of language that work together to convey information effectively.
Grammar; meaning
This refers to the conveyed sense or significance of words, phrases or sentences.
Meaning (in language)
The meaning of individual words.
Lexical Meaning
The meaning of phrases or sentences.
Semantic Meaning
The meaning derived from the context in which language is used.
Pragmatic Meaning
This is essential for effective communication. It ensures that ideas are conveyed accurately, and sentences are clear and easily understood.
Proper grammar
In the context of language, this refers to the role of purpose that a word, phrase, or sentence plays in communication.
Function
Understanding the function of language elements is crucial for using language appropriately in different _____.
contexts
Language is used to convey information and refer to the world.
Referential Function
Language can express emotions, feelings, or attitudes.
Expressive Function
Language can be used to give commands or requests.
Directive Function
This involves using language for social purposes, such as greetings or small talk, to establish or maintain communication.
Phatic Function
Language can be used to discuss or clarify language itself.
Metalinguistic Function
These refer to the differences in the way language is structured and used in spoken communication versus written communication.
Spoken grammar and written grammar
Spoken language is often more informal than written language. It may include colloquial expressions, contractions, and slag.
Informal Nature
In spoken communication, people often use incomplete sentences or fragments. Conversations may involve interruptions, pauses, and changes in direction.
Incomplete Sentences
Pronouns are frequently used in spoken language to avoid repetition. For example, instead of saying a person’s name repeatedly, pronouns like “he,” “she,” or “it” may be used.
Use of Pronouns
_____ pronouns like “me,” “him,” “her,” and “us” are often used more casually, even at the beginning of sentences.
Object
In spoken language, the use of _____ pronouns (who, which, that) may be more flexible.
Relative
_____ pronouns like “myself,” “yourself,” and “ourselves” may be used for emphasis.
Reflexive
In spoken language, _____ pronouns (“this,” “that,” “these,” “those”) are often used for immediacy and clarity.
Demonstrative
Spoken language allows for the omission of certain words or elements when the meaning is clear from the context.
Ellipsis
Spoken language tends to use more _____, where a verb is combined with a preposition or adverb. For instance, “take off,” “look up,” or “put up with.”
Phrasal verbs
Written language typically adheres to a more formal structure. It follows grammatical rules and conventions more closely compared to spoken language.
Formal Structure
Written communication often involves complete sentences with clear subjects and predicates. It avoids sentence fragments and incomplete thoughts.
Complete Sentences
Contractions (e.g., “don’t” instead of do not”) are generally avoided in formal writing, contributing to a more polished and precise style.
Avoidance of Contractions
Proper use of _____ such as commas, semicolons, and colons, is crucial in written grammar to convey meaning accurately and clearly.
punctuation
Written language allows for more _____, with the use of subordinate clauses, relative clauses, and other syntactic elements.
complex sentence structure
Formal writing often employs a more extensive and formal vocabulary compared to spoken language. Jargon and slang are usually minimized.
Formal Vocabulary
