Summative Evaluation Flashcards

1
Q

1.
Alfred Binet conducted a series of studies to examine how question types influenced the accuracy of child eyewitnesses. He found that:

a.
moderately leading questions result in the most accurate answers
b.
free recall results in the most accurate answers
c.
highly leading questions result in the most accurate answers
d.
free recall results in the least accurate answers
e.
eyewitness accuracy did not vary across question type

A

free recall results in the least accurate answers

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2
Q

2.
According to von Schrenck-Notzing, extensive pretrial press coverage could influence the testimony of people by causing what he called:

a.
post-event misinformation
b.
memory contamination
c.
source monitoring errors
d.
exposure distortion
e.
retroactive memory falsification
A

.

retroactive memory falsification

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3
Q

3.
In what legal case did the Supreme Court of Canada first define the criteria for determining when the testimony of expert witnesses, including psychologists, would be admitted in court?

a.
R. v. Daubert
b.
R. v, Mohan
c.
R. v. Gladue
d.
R. v. Oickle
e.
R. v. Hubbert
A

R vs mohan

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4
Q

4.
According to the narrow definition of forensic psychology, which of the following specialists would not be considered a forensic psychologist?

a.
A psychologist who provides risk assessments to the parole board.
b.
A psychologist who studies how psychopathy influences patterns of offending.
c.
A psychologist who treats victims and perpetrators of intimate partner violence.
d.
A psychologist who consults with lawyers concerning whether their clients are fit to stand trial.
e.
A psychologist who provides court-mandated treatment to offenders.

A

A psychologist who studies help psychopathy influences patterns of offending

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5
Q

5.
Dr. Fahmy works with the police to determine time of death by examining insect activity surrounding a dead body. Which of the following disciplines does Dr. Fahmy work in?

a.
Forensic anthropology
b.
Forensic odontology
c.
Forensic entomology
d.
Forensic pathology
e.
Forensic podiatry
A

Forensic Entomology

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6
Q

6.
Which of the following is an example of research classified as “psychology and the law”?

a.
providing expert testimony on child witnesses
b.
studying the accuracy of eyewitnesses
c.
police using proper interviewing techniques
d.
studying how judicial discretion influences future criminal behaviour
e.
examining how court rulings influence forensic psychologists

A

Studying the accuracy of eyewitness

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7
Q

7.
Which of the following is not specified by the Daubert criteria?

a.
The research adheres to professional standards.
b.
The research is falsifiable.
c.
The research has been peer reviewed.
d.
The research has a recognized rate of error.
e.
The research has been conducted in real-world (i.e., non-lab) settings.

A

The research is Falsifiable

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8
Q

Officer MacDonald is interrogating Dianna concerning the suspicious death of her brother-in-law. Dianna keeps trying to tell Officer Moore that she didn’t do it and has no idea what the officer is talking about. Officer MacDonald keeps telling her that they need to focus on the facts because they know she is guilty! Each time she says she didn’t do it, they stop her from talking and say “we’re past that” and tell her that they need to know WHY she killed her brother-in-law. The officer is employing what step in the Reid model of interrogation?

a.
Immediately confronting the suspect with his guilt.
b.
Developing psychological themes to allow suspect to rationalize crime.
c.
Drawing in the suspects attention to prevent them from withdrawing.
d.
Presenting an alternative question to get the suspect to agree and confess.
e.
Interrupting statements of denial to maintain control of the interrogation.

A

Interrupting statements of the denial to maintain control of the interrogation

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9
Q

9.
Which of the following has been identified as a problem with the Reid model of interrogation?

a.
The techniques included in the Reid model will rarely be approved of by the courts.
b.
The Reid model incorrectly assumes that investigators can accurately detect when a suspect is lying.
c.
The techniques used in the Reid model decrease the chance that people will falsely confess.
d.
The Reid model has been classified as a soft approach to interrogations.
e.
The Reid model does not allow officers to conduct interrogations when there is no physical evidence.

A

The Reid model incorrectly assumes that investigators can accurately decide when a suspect is lying

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10
Q

10.
The model of police interrogation used in North America is ___________ and the model used in Britain is ___________.

a.
accusatorial, accusatorial
b.
inquisitorial, admissible
c.
inquisitorial, accusatorial
d.
accusatorial, inquisitorial
e.
inadmissible, admissible
A

Accusatorial and inquisitorial

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11
Q

11.
Brenda steals a turkey from the local grocery store. When interrogated by the police, she confesses to stealing the turkey. During her trial, the confession is thrown out because Brenda was not properly read her rights upon arrest. What term best describes this confession?

a.
a coerced-compliant false confession
b.
a coerced-internalized false confession
c.
a retracted confession
d.
a voluntary false confession
e.
a disputed confession
A

I disputed confession

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12
Q

2.
According to your textbook, the most common type of false confession is:

a.
voluntary
b.
coerced-compliant
c.
coerced-internalized
d.
retracted
e.
disputed
A

Coerced compliant

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13
Q

An innocent suspect is interrogated for 22 hours about a life-threatening injury to her young infant. She keeps asking if she can go to the hospital to see her daughter, but is refused. The police investigator says that she can see her daughter when she confesses and that if she cooperates she will be given a lenient sentence. Although she knows she is innocent, she confesses. This is an example of a:

a.
voluntary false confession
b.
coerced-internalized false confession
c.
coerced-compliant false confession
d.
confabulated confession
e.
true confession
A

Coerced compliant false confessions

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14
Q

4.
A man is accused of sexually abusing his one-year old daughter. He initially denies his involvement, but the police persist in telling him that “abusers often don’t remember their actions” and that it would help if he tried to visualize the abusive incidents. Although he did not commit these crimes, he comes to remember images of him engaging in abusive acts, and begins to believe he is guilty, so he confesses. This is an example of a:

a.
voluntary false confession
b.
coerced-internalized false confession
c.
coerced-compliant false confession
d.
confabulated confession
e.
disputed confession
A

A coerced internalized false confession

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15
Q

5.
Criminal profiling is likely to be least useful in cases involving:

a.
serial homicide
b.
serial rape
c.
serial burglary
d.
a serial offender with severe psychopathology
e.
both b and c
A

Serial burglary

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16
Q

Which of the following was not proposed as a purpose of criminal profiling in your textbook?

a.
flushing out the offender
b.
prioritizing suspects
c.
identifying new lines of inquiry
d.
providing evidence of guilt in court
e.
developing strategies for suspect interrogation
A

Providing evidence of guilt in court

17
Q

17.
The RCMP’s ViCLAS system was established in an attempt to remedy the problem of:

a.
linkage blindness
b.
ambiguous profiles
c.
racial profiling
d.
police officer bias
e.
geographic profiling
A

Linkage blindness

18
Q

18.
Detective Johnson is trying to predict an offender’s background characteristics based on comparing that offender’s crimes with similar crimes committed by other, known offenders. Det. Johnson is engaging in what type of profiling?

a.
deductive criminal profiling
b.
demographic profiling
c.
geographic profiling
d.
inductive criminal profiling
e.
investigative model profiling
A

Inductive criminal profiling

19
Q

19.
Which of the following is a criticism of the Concealed Information Test?

a.
It requires full disclosure from the suspect.
b.
The test will only work if the suspect remembers the details of the crime.
c.
Reactions to relevant questions may be the same for an anxious but innocent person as a guilty party.
d.
Arousal to crime-related questions decreases over time the more a suspect is asked about them.
e.
It frequently returns inconsistent results relative to other questioning methods.

A

The test will only work if the suspect remembers the details of the crime

20
Q

20.
One disadvantage of using field studies to study deception in criminal suspects is that:

a.
the ground truth cannot be established.
b.
most are guilty reflecting a lie-bias.
c.
many suspects are able to fool the polygraph.
d.
suspects are often not motivated to be truthful.
e.
suspects rarely agree to be a part of a research study.

A

The ground truth cannot be established

21
Q

21.
In laboratory studies of the accuracy of polygraph tests, it has been found that the Comparison Question Test is _______ effective at detecting ________ suspects, whereas the Concealed Information Test is ______ effective at detecting ________ suspects.

a.
more, guilty, more, innocent
b.
less, guilty, more, guilty
c.
more, innocent, less, guilty
d.
less, innocent, less, guilty
e.
more, guilty, less, innocent
A

More guilty more innocent

22
Q

22.
Which of the following statements concerning the use of thermal imaging to detect deception is accurate?

a.
Thermal imaging of faces only is useful for identifying truth-tellers.
b.
Thermal imaging is no better than chance at identifying liars and truth-tellers.
c.
Trained interviewers perform better than thermal imaging to detect deception.
d.
Thermal imaging is highly effective at determining both liars and truth-tellers.
e.
Thermal imaging often misidentifies truth-tellers as liars, but accurately detects liars.

A

Trained interviewers perform better than thermal imaging to detect deception

23
Q

Testing using fMRI procedures has indicated that the areas of the brain most commonly associated with lying are:

a.
the temporal and frontal lobes
b.
the frontal lobe and the limbic system
c.
the amygdala and the posterior cingulate cortex
d.
the association cortex and temporal lobe
e.
the prefrontal lobe and anterior cingulate cortex
A

The prefrontal lobe an anterior cingulate cortex

24
Q

4.
Which one of the following statements concerning deception detection is accurate?

a.
Deception judgments depend more on the liar than the judge.
b.
Professionals are consistently better than laypersons at detecting deception.
c.
Relatives lying about killing their loved ones are more likely to smile than innocent suspects.
d.
Judgments of truthfulness are dependent upon the personality of the judge.
e.
Complex lies are associated with fewer cues to deception relative to simple lies.

A

Deception judgements depend more on the liar than the judge