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Geology > Summative Assessment 1 > Flashcards

Summative Assessment 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Geology

A

Study of the Earth’s structure, history, and processes

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2
Q

Rates of Change

A

Measurement of the speed at which geological processes occur

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3
Q

Interpretation

A

Process of assigning meaning or significance to an observation

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4
Q

Stars

A

Luminous celestial bodies made up of hot gases

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5
Q

Gravity

A

Force that attracts objects with mass towards each other

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6
Q

Density

A

Mass per unit volume of a substance

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7
Q

Planets

A

Celestial bodies that orbit around a star

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8
Q

Solar System

A

A collection of planets, moons, asteroids, and comets that orbit around a star

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9
Q

Venus

A

Second planet from the Sun, known for its dense atmosphere

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10
Q

Mars

A

Fourth planet from the Sun, known for its red color and potential for water

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11
Q

Tectonic Plates

A

Large sections of the Earth’s lithosphere that move and interact with each other

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12
Q

Deposition

A

Process of sediment settling and accumulating on the sea floor

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13
Q

Mountain Building

A

Process of the formation of large mountain ranges over millions of years

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14
Q

Observation

A

Act of perceiving or noticing something through the senses

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15
Q

Hypothesis

A

Proposed explanation for an observation or interpretation

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16
Q

Theory

A

Well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world

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17
Q

Big Bang

A

The initial explosion that resulted in the formation of the universe

18
Q

Rocky Planets

A

Planets primarily composed of solid rock and metal

19
Q

Earth

A

Third planet from the Sun, the only known planet to support life

20
Q

Radioactive Decay

A

Process in which the nucleus of an unstable atom loses energy by emitting radiation and heat

21
Q

Absolute Age

A

The exact age of a rock or fossil determined through radiometric dating

22
Q

Isotopes

A

Forms of an element with different numbers of neutrons

23
Q

Relative Age

A

The age of a rock or fossil compared to the ages of other rocks or fossils

24
Q

Law of Superposition

A

Principle that states that younger rocks are found above older rocks

25
Q

Law of Original Horizontality

A

Principle that states that sedimentary rocks are originally deposited in horizontal layers

26
Q

Law of Cross Cutting Relationships

A

Principle that states that a rock or feature that cuts across another rock or feature is younger

27
Q

Law of Inclusions

A

Principle that states that an inclusion within a rock is older than the rock itself

28
Q

Unconformities

A

Gaps in the geologic record due to erosion or non-deposition of sediment

29
Q

Caveats

A

Exceptions or limitations to a general rule or principle

30
Q

Geologic Time Scale

A

A system of chronological dating that relates geological strata to time

31
Q

Rock

A

A solid, naturally occurring substance made up of minerals

32
Q

Mineral

A

A naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and crystalline structure

33
Q

Silicate Minerals

A

Minerals that contain both silicon and oxygen

34
Q

Sedimentary Rock

A

formed by compacted or cemented together sediments (lithified sediments)

35
Q

Metamorphic Rock

A

formed through heat and pressure

36
Q

Igneous Rock

A

formed through melting and crystallization

37
Q

Weathering

A

Mechanically breaking apart a rock or chemically altering a rock exposed to sunlight, rain, wind, plants and animals; produces loose material, or sediment

38
Q

Erosion

A

transportation of sediments via gravity, glaciers, flowing water, or wind

39
Q

Lithification

A

Once deposited, sediment can be buried and compacted, becoming sedimentary rock

40
Q

Crystallization

A

Melted rock can cool and solidify either at depth or by rising to the surface

41
Q

Uplift

A

Buried rocks are brought back to the surface where they are exposed to weathering

Geology (1 decks)

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