summative 2

Question 1

photosynthesis

Answer 1

the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water

Question 2

overall end products of photosynthesis

Answer 2

glucose and oxygen

Question 3

inputs and outputs of photosynthesis

Answer 3

inputs - water, co2, sunlight

outputs - glucose and oxygen

Question 4

cellular respiration

Answer 4

set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert chemical energy from oxygen molecules or nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products.

Question 5

difference between plants and animals in obtaining and using glucose

Answer 5

plants form glucose by photosynthesis and animals get glucose by breaking down the food they eat.

Question 6

3 major steps

Answer 6

glycolysis, krebs, ETC

Question 7

what happens to glucose in glycolysis?

Answer 7

glucose ultimately breaks down into pyruvate and energy; a total of 2 ATP is derived in the process

Question 8

what happens to glucose in krebs?

Answer 8

convert the glucose, which is a 6 carbon sugar, into two molecules of pyruvate, which has 3 carbons. In the process, two molecues of ATP are made, as are a couple of NADH molecules

Question 9

what is NAD+?

Answer 9

coenzyme central to metabolism

Question 10

what is NADH?

Answer 10

(NAD) + hydrogen (H), occurs naturally in the body and plays a role in the chemical process that generates energy

Question 11

when and why does lactic acid form?

Answer 11

when the body breaks down carbohydrates to use for energy when oxygen levels are low

Question 12

what is anaerobic vs aerobic respiration?

Answer 12

proceeds in the absence of oxygen is anaerobic respiration; proceeds in the presence of oxygen is aerobic respiration

Question 13

what is the chemical formula for respiration?

Answer 13

C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 –> 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + ATP

Question 14

what is the chemical formula of photosynthesis?

Answer 14

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 15

mitosis

Answer 15

a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus

Question 16

purpose of mitosis

Answer 16

for growth and to replace worn out cells

Question 17

phases of mitosis

Answer 17

prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

Question 18

difference between mitosis and interphase

Answer 18

interphase is the longest phase of the cell cycle in which cell grows and replicates its DNA while mitosis is a short phase of the cell cycle in which cell nucleus turns into two nuclei that bear identical genome as the original nucleus to produce two new cells

Question 19

when does DNA replication occur? why?

Answer 19

during the S phase (the Synthesis phase) of the cell cycle, before mitosis and cell division, DNA is copied to form an identical molecule of DNA

Question 20

when does mitosis occur? how is it regulated?

Answer 20

when a parent cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells, mitotic kinases are essential for cellular integrity

Question 21

cancer and mitosis connection

Answer 21

Cancer is essentially a disease of mitosis - the normal ‘checkpoints’ regulating mitosis are ignored or overridden by the cancer cell. Cancer begins when a single cell is transformed, or converted from a normal cell to a cancer cell.