Summative 1 Flashcards
Describe each of the essential functions of life
- Transport: absorption, distribution, and circulation.
- Respiration: release of energy from food.
- Reproduction: production of new organisms.
- Regulation: control of life processes.
- Synthesis making particles.
- Excretion removal of liquid, solid, gaseous waste.
- Nutrition: obtain and process food.
- Growth: increase in size or number of cells.
List the nucleotides that make up a DNA molecule.
Phosphate, Deoxyribose sugar, Nitrogenous bases
Where is DNA copied in the cell?
In the Nucleus
Why is DNA copied?
To prepare for cell division (mitosis and meiosis)
How do proteins carry out the work of the cell?
The RNAs migrate from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
How do the specialized cells within an organism work to maintain the central functions of life?
They are specialized to perform specific functions within an organism.
Explain the relationship between gene and protein.
Genes are regions of DNA that contain instructions that code for the formation of proteins.
How does the DNA determine the structure of proteins?
A DNA molecule has codes for all proteins of a living organism.
List the levels of organization in an organism.
Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System Organism
Explain the relationship between stimuli and response.
Responses are triggered by stimuli
Compare positive and negative feedback loops.
A negative feedback loop works to reduce or limits initial stimulus while a positive feedback loop works to move stimulus away from equilibrium.
How do feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis?
Negative feedback mechanism work to return controlled variables back towards the normal range. Positive feedback systems work by amplifying the controlled variable even further away from the normal range
What is the purpose of mitosis?
Growth from one cell to many cells and repairs tissue damage
Describe the process by which a fertilized egg becomes a complex multicellular organism
It goes through cleavage then gastrulation and then organ formation
