Summary Switching, throughput, Multiplexing Protocol Layers

Question 1

For protocols, syntax refers to the ….

Answer 1

definitions of data format, size, and content of messages and packets.

Question 2

For protocols, _______ refers to the control, responses to messages or packets, coordination, and error handling

Answer 2

semantics

Question 3

For protocols, Timing/Synchronization refers to the…

Answer 3

maintenance of synchronization between the communicating entities

Question 4

A _____ protocol passes data end-to-end without interventions

Answer 4

direct

Question 5

A indirect protocol passes data end-to-end with intermediate ______ entities between

Answer 5

active

Question 6

A monolithic protocol uses…

Answer 6

a single protocol for all aspects of data transfer

Question 7

A __________ protocol uses a set of protocols interacting based on a chosen architecture

Answer 7

structured

Question 8

A _________ protocol has consistent communications regardless of which entity is source and which is destination

Answer 8

symmetric

Question 9

An asymmetric protocol has an _________ source and receiver

Answer 9

unequal

Question 10

A standard protocol is designed __________ of hardware and applications

Answer 10

independent

Question 11

A __________ protocol is designed for a specific hardware or application in mind

Answer 11

nonstandard

Question 12

In a layered model, each layer performs a _______ set of communications functions

Answer 12

unique

Question 13

In a layered model, each layer __________ and hides complexity from the layer it

Answer 13

encapsulate

Question 14

In a layered model, each layer uses the layer below it to perform more _______ and _______ functions

Answer 14

primitive, detailed

Question 15

A ___________ (PDU) controls information passed between the protocol layers (such as addresses, errors, and other control information)

Answer 15

protocol data unit

Question 16

___/IP is the most commonly used protocol on the internet

Answer 16

TCP

Question 17

TCP/IP uses a layered structure, with fewer layers then the ___ model

Answer 17

OSI

Question 18

The ________ layer is the working environment for applications

Answer 18

application

Question 19

The _______ layer manages exchange of application data between end systems

Answer 19

transport

Question 20

___ oriented transport layers are reliable and always sends the data

Answer 20

TCP

Question 21

___ oriented transport layers are packet oriented and connectionless

Answer 21

UDP

Question 22

The ________ layer manages how data moves from host to another in a network

Answer 22

network

Question 23

The ____ ____ layer maintains the physical link and makes sure it is error-less

Answer 23

data link

Question 24

The ________ layer operates on bits to connect, encode, exchange them from physical media, and more

Answer 24

physical

Question 25

The most commonly used direct application layer protocols are...(4)

Answer 25

HTTP, FTP, SMTP, and Telnet

Question 26

Application layer protocols such as ___, ___, and ____ facilitate the use of TCP/IP networks

Answer 26

DNS (domain name system), RIP (routing information protocol), and SNMP (simple network management protocol)