Summary Of The Most Important Approaches (schools) Of Psychology (at End Of Chapter 1/first Lecture)

Question 1

Structuralism description and important contributors

Answer 1

Uses the method of introspection to identify the basic elements or “structures” of psychological experience

Wilhem Wundt, Edward B. Titchener

Question 2

Functionalism description and important contributors

Answer 2

Attempts to understand why animals and humans have developed the particular psychological aspects that they currently possess

William James

Question 3

Psychodynamic description and important contributors

Answer 3

Focuses on the role of our unconscious thoughts, feelings, and memories and our early childhood experiences in determining behaviour

Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, Erik Erickson

Question 4

Behaviourism description and important contributors

Answer 4

Based on the premise that is is not possible to objectively study the mind, and therefore that psychologists should limit their attention to the study of behaviour itself

John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner

Question 5

Cognitive description and important contributors

Answer 5

The study of mental processes, including perception, thinking, memory, and judgements

Hermann Ebbinghaus, Sir Frederic Bartlett, Jean Piaget

Question 6

Social-Cultural description and important contributors

Answer 6

The study of how the social situations and the cultures in which people find themselves influence thinking and behaviour

Fritz Heider, Leon Festinger, Stanley Schachter