Summary of Mycoses Flashcards
1
Q
Superficial mycoses
A
pityriasis versicolor
tinea nigra
white piedra
black piedra
2
Q
Pityriasis versicolor
A
Discrete, serpentine, hyper or hypopigmented maculae occur on the skin usually on the chest, upper back, arms or abdomen
- Chronic lesions are chronic occurring as macular patches of discolored skin that may enlarge and coalesce
- Minimal scaling, inflammation, and irritation
Malassezia globosa, M. restricta and other members of the M. furfur complex
3
Q
Tinea Nigra
A
- Lesions are chronic
- appear as dark (brown to black) discoloration often on the palm due to melanin
- Patients usually asymptomatic
- Hortaea (Exophiala) werneckii
- Branched, septate hyphae and budding yeast cells with melaninized cell walls
4
Q
White piedra
A
- Larger, softer, yellowish nodules on the hair
- Trichosporon sp.
- Appears with arthroconidia
5
Q
Black piedra
A
- Nodular infection of the hair shaft
- Piedraia hortae
6
Q
Cutaneous Mycoses
A
- Dermatophytosis
- Tinea corporis
- Tinea unquium
- Tinea pedis
- tinea cruris
7
Q
Tinea Corporis
A
- Cylindrical, club-like
- smooth walled macroconidia
8
Q
Tinea pedis
A
- Microsporum
- distinctive spindle shaped macroconidia with achinulate spiny walls
- Found in area with sweat accumulation
9
Q
Tinea cruris
A
- Epidermophyton floccosum
- produce only macroconidia that are smooth walled, clavated (curved)
- found in clusters
10
Q
Endemic/ systemic mycoses
A
- Histoplasmosis
- Coccidiodomycosis
- Blastomycosis
- Paracoccidiodomycosis
11
Q
Histoplasmosis
A
- TB-like symptoms (coughing, fever, body malaise
- Diagnosed by sputum smear
- Histoplasma capsulatum
- Mold form with spiked/echinulate morphology
- Oval yeasts, 2 x 4 μm, intracellular in macrophages
12
Q
Coccidiodomycosis
A
Valley Fever, San Joaquin Valley Fever, Desert bumps/ rheumatism, Posadas’ disease
- TB like symptoms (coughing, fver, malaise)
- Coccidioides posadassi or Coccidioides immitis
- most virulent because of dimorphism
- spherules (10-80 μm), containing endospores
- 2-4μm
13
Q
Blastomycosis
A
- Blastomyces dermatitis
- thermally dimorphic
- becomes single-budding yeast cell at 37C
- Thick walled yeasts containing broad base, usually single buds, 8-15 um
14
Q
Paracoccidioidomycosis
A
- Chronic granulomatous
- Destruction of facial features
- Paracoccidioides brasilensis
- Thermally dimorphic
- Steering wheel appearance
- Large, multiplying budding yeasts, 15-30 um
15
Q
Opportunistic mycoses
A
- Candidiasis
- Cryptococcosis
- Aspergillosis
- Mucormycosis
16
Q
Candidiasis
A
- Candida albicans
- normal flora of skin and mucosa
- Displays
- pseudohypae
- chlamyoconidia
- blastoconidia
- yeast-like spores
17
Q
Cryptococcosis
A
- Cryptococcus neoformans
- present in the air
- decaying plants
- pigeon droppings
- related to meningitis
- hyphal elements in sputum
- present in the air
18
Q
Aspergillosis
A
- In x-ray, check for opacities
- Aspergillus fumigatus
- with phialoconidia from phialides
19
Q
Mucormycosis
A
Pneumocystis carinii
