Summary of infectious diseases Flashcards
1
Q
The infectious disease history
A
PC HPC *EPIDEMIOLOGICAL HISTORY* -travel, vaccine and prophylaxis history, occupation, food/ drink, reacreational, sexual, animal contacts, special medical procedures, contacts PMH -relevant to infectious disease DH FH SH SE (systemic enquiry) -RS, CVS, GIT, GUT, CNS, MS, SS
2
Q
Travel - commonest problems
A
Diarrhoea -E.coli, Salmonella, Campylobacter, viral Respiratory Tract Infections -usually viral, Legionella UTIs Skin/ soft infections (insect bites) Hepatitis (A) Malaria Typhoid Dengue Viral haemorrhagic fever Avian Influenza Middle Eastern Repiratory Syndrome - Coronavirus
3
Q
Malaria - high rates
A
Central, E, W, Africa
S Africa (regional)
South Asia
SE Asia
4
Q
Typhoid - high rates
A
Central, E, W Africa
South Asia
SE Asia
5
Q
Dengue - high rates
A
Central America
South Asia
SE Asia
Australia/ S. Pacific
6
Q
Viral haemorrhagic fever - high rates
A
Sporadic in E & West Africa
Eastern Europe and Central Asia
7
Q
Avian Influenza - high rates
A
SE Asia
Middle East
8
Q
MERS CoV
A
Middle East
9
Q
Vaccine and prophylaxis history
A
Prophylaxis -malaria for recent travel Vaccines -travel (Hep A; typhoid; Neisseria) -general (childhood schedule)
10
Q
Occupation
A
• Health Care Workers -blood borne viruses, LRTIs, diarrhoea • Farm Workers -leptospirosis, coxiella, orf • Sewage Workers -Leptospirosis, Hep A, gastroenteritis • Sex Workers -HIV, HepB, HSV, gonococcus, syphilis, chlamydia etc. • Pet Shop owners -psittacosis • Abbatoir Workers -anthrax • Military
11
Q
Sexual history
A
• Recent partners – new? • Number of partners • Male or Female or Both • CSW? • Use of condoms • Travel sexual history (of index and partner) • STI’s? STI screens? – HIV, Hepatitis B, EBV, CMV, gonococcus, chlamydia, syphilis, HSV, also UTI
12
Q
Sports
A
• Canoeists -leptospirosis, gastroenteritis • Cavers -histoplasmosis, marburg • Trekkers -lyme disease, other tick-borne diseases • Rugby Players -HSV, fungal infections • Swimmers -fungal infections, pox viruses, leptospirosis, gastroenteritis
13
Q
Drug abuse
A
IV drugs -Hep C, Hep B, HIV, endocarditis, skin and soft tissue infection including anthrax, aspergillus Cannabis smokers -pneumonia, early COPD, lung abscess Alcoholism -TB, pneumonia, HIV
14
Q
Pets
A
• Dogs -Campylobacter species, Toxacara, rabies • Cats -Toxoplasma • Rodents -rat bite fever, salmonella • Terrapins -salmonella • Psittacine Birds -chlamydia psittaci • Tropical Fish -mycobacterium marinum • Wild and Domestic Fowl -avian influenza • Agricultural animals (city farms etc) -coxiella spp., salmonella, E.coli (e.g. 0157)
15
Q
Relevant past medical history
A
• Head Injury -meningitis (especially pneumococcal) • Cancer • Use of immunosuppression -CMV, VZV, PCP, neutropenic sepsis (bacteria, fungi) • Splenectomy -pneumococcal bacteraemia • Dentistry -endocarditis • Previous history of infectious disease -especially meningitis, pneumonia, cellulitis
