Summary of Evidence for Depression

Question 1

National Institue for Clinical Excellence (2009) - CBT

Answer 1

Interventions
- CBT

Comparison Interventions
- IPT & Pharmacotherapy

Findings
- When CBT was compared to other active psychological therapies (IPT and short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy), no clinically significant differences were found.

• Results of trials comparing CBT with antidepressant medication immediately posttreatment suggest broad equalivalence in effectiveness.
• However, after 12 months CBT appears to be more effective, with less likelihood of relapse compared to medication.

Question 2

Wiles, Hollinghurst, Mason & Musa (2008) - CBT

Answer 2

Interventions
- CBT (plus pharmacotherapy)

Comparison Interventions
- TAU

FIndings
- 8 out of 14 patients experienced at least a 50% reduction in depressive symptoms; however these results were not replicated in the control group

Question 3

Fava et al. (2004) - CBT

Answer 3

Interventions
- CBT (plus pharmacotherapy)

Comparison Interventions
- Clinical management plus pharmacotherapy

Findings
- CBT was found to be significantly more effective than clinical management in reducing relapse over a 6-year period following cessation of pharmacotherapy for depression.

Question 4

Oei & DIngle (2008) - CBT

Answer 4

Interventions
- CBT

Comparison Interventions
- IPT and medications

Findings
- The review demonstrated that group CBT is one of the most effective treatment alternatives for depression and compared well with drug treatment and other forms of psychological therapy including individual therapy

Question 5

National Institute for Clinical Excellence (2009) - IPT

Answer 5

Interventions
- IPT

Comparison Interventions
- CBT - pharmacotherapy

Findings
- When IPT was compared to usual general practitioner care and placebo, clinically significant differences in favour of IPT were found.

• No clinically significant differences were found between IPT and CBT and between IPT and antidepressant medication alone

Question 6

Reay et al. (2006) - IPT

Answer 6

Interventions
- IPT

Findings
- Symptom severity significantly decrease from pre to post reatment and this decrease was maintained at 3 months

Question 7

Feijo et al (2005) - Meta analysis - IPT

Answer 7

Interventions
- IPT

Comparison Interventions
- Pharmacotherapy - CBT

Findings
- IPT was superior to placebo and more effective than CBT in reducing depressive symptoms.

• NO differences were found between IPT and medication in treating depression
• And the combination of IPT and medication was not superior to medication alone

Question 8

Eisendrath et al (2008) - MBCT

Answer 8

Interventions
- MBCT

Findings
- Participants who completed MBCT experienced a significant decrease in levels of depression, anxiety and rumination

Question 9

Kingston et al (2007) - MBCT

Answer 9

Interventions
- MBCT

Comparison Interventions
- TAU - pharmacotherapy

Findings
- In comparison to TAU and across time, participants experienced a significant reduction in depressive symptoms following MBCT

Question 10

Hanson et al (2008) - Psychoeducation

Answer 10

Interventions
- Psychoeducation plus pharmacotherapy

Findings
- At treatment those who completed psychoeducation showed significantly greater symptom improvement than those in control group