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Cardiovascular > Summary of cardiovascular drugs > Flashcards

Summary of cardiovascular drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are examples of anti-hypertensive drugs? (3)

A
  • Thiazide Diuretics
  • Beta Blockers
  • Vasodilators – calcium Antagonists, Alpha Blockers, ACE Inhibitors (ACEI), Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB)
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2
Q

What are examples of anti-anginal drugs? (6)

A
  • Beta Blockers
  • Calcium Antagonists
  • Nitrates
  • Nicorandil
  • Ivabradine
  • Ranolazine
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3
Q

What are examples of anti-thrombotic drugs? (3)

A
  • Anti-platelet drugs (aspirin, clopidogrel, prasugrel, ticagrelor)
  • Anticoagulants (Warfarin, Rivaroxaban, Dabigatran)
  • Fibrinolytics (streptokinase, tPA)
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4
Q

What are examples of anti-cholesterol drugs? (2)

A
  • Statins

* Fibrates

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5
Q

What are examples of anti-arhythmic drugs? (1)

A

Digoxin

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6
Q

What do anticoagulants do? Fibinolytics?

A
  • Anticoagulants - attack clotting factors

* Fibinolytics - dissolve clots

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7
Q

What do diuretics do?

A
  • Block Na+ reabsorption in the kidneys (so pass more Na+ and water in urine)
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8
Q

What are thiazide diuretics used for? Are they mild or strong? Example?

A
  • Hypertension

* Mild e.g. Bendrofluazide

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9
Q

What are loop diuretics used for? Are they mild or strong? Example?

A
  • Heart failure

* Strong e.g. Furosemide

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10
Q

What are side effects of diuretics?

A
  • Hypokalaemia ( causes tiredness + arrythmias)
  • Hyperglycaemia (causes diabetes)
  • Increase in uric acid (causes gout)
  • Impotence (inability to sustain an erection)
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11
Q

What are cardioselective B-blockers? Example? What are they used to treat? (3)

A
  • Only block B1 receptors
  • e.g. Atenolol
  • Angina, hypertension and heart failure
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12
Q

What are non-selective B-blockers? Example? What are they used to treat?

A
  • Block B1 and B2 receptors
  • e.g. propranolol
  • Used in thyrotoxicosis (overactive thyroid)
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13
Q

What are side effects of beta-blockers? (4)

A
  • B2 blockers prevent bronchodilation, worsening asthma (NEVER used in established asthma)
  • Tired
  • Heart failure*** (NOTE)
  • Cold peripheries

*** Beta blockers good in medium/long term heart failure but can worsen heart failure in short term

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14
Q

What are 2 types of calcium antagonists?

A
  • Dihydropyridines

* Rate limiting calcium antagonists

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15
Q

What is an example of a dihydropyridine? What are they used to treat? What is the side effect of dihydropyridines?

A
  • Amlodipine
  • Used in hypertension and angina NOT in heart failure!!
  • Side effect: anke oedema (its a cosmetic side effect - not serious)
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16
Q

What are examples of Rate limiting calcium antagonists? (2)
What are they used to treat? (3)
What should they NOT be used in combination with?

A
  • Verapamil, Diltiazem
  • Used to treat hypertension, angina and supra ventricular arrhythmias (AF, SVT)
  • AVOID use with beta-blockers
17
Q

Why should Rate limiting calcium antagonists NOT be used with B-blockers?

A

They cause increased AV nodal delay and so do b-blockers so together will increase delay too much

18
Q

What do alpha blockers do?

What are they used to treat? Example? Side effects?

A
  • Block alpha adrenoceptors to cause vasodilatation
  • Used to treat hypertension and prostatic hypertrophy
  • e.g. Doxazosin
  • Postural hypotension
19
Q

What to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors do? Example? Used to treat?
How do they affect the kidneys?

A
  • Block angiotensin I becoming angiotensin II
  • e.g. Lisinopril
  • Hypertension and heart failure
  • Quite confusing cause they are good for kidneys in diabetic nephropathy but bad in renal artery stenosis
20
Q

What are side effects of ACE-Inhibitors?

A
  • Dry cough
  • renal dysfunction
  • Angioneurotic oedema
21
Q

Why must kidney function be measured when treated with ACE-inhibitor? What is angioneurmtic oedema? When should ACEIs NEVER be used?

A
  • ACEIs can result in renal dysfunction
  • Angioneurmtic oedema - life-threatening side effect, skin gets blotchy and swollen - larynx can also swell blocking the airway
  • NEVER use in pregnancy-induced hypertension as can damage foetus
22
Q

What do angiotensin receptor blockers do? Example? What are they used to treat? Effect on kidneys?

A
  • Block Angiotensin II Receptors
  • e.g. Losartan
  • Hypertension and heart failure
  • Same as ACEIs - good for kidneys in diabetic nephropathy but bad in renal artery stenosis
23
Q

How can you tell a drug is an ACE-I? ARB?

A
  • ACEI - will end in -opril

* ARB - will end in -sartan

24
Q

What are side effects of ARBs? Why are they preferred instead of ACE-Is sometimes? When are they NEVER used?

A
  • Side effects: renal dysfunction (no cough tho so sometimes preferred instead of ACE inhibitors)
  • NEVER use in pregnancy induced hypertension
25
Q

What are nitrates? Example? Used to treat? (2)

A
  • venodilators
  • e.g. Isosorbide mononitrate
  • Angina, acute heart failure
26
Q

What are side effects of nitrates? (2)

What is a drawback of nitrates?

A
  • Headache
  • Hypotension/Collapse
  • Tolerance is common so must leave 8hrs nitrate-free
27
Q

What do anti-platelet agents do? Examples? (4)

Used to treat? (4)

A
  • All prevent new thrombosis
  • e.g. Aspirin, Clopidogrel, Ticagrelor, Prasugrel
  • Treat angina, acute MI, CVA/TIA, patients at risk of CVA and MI
28
Q

What are side effects of anti platelet agents?

A
  • Haemorrhage anywhere
  • Peptic ulcer predisposes to haemorrhage
  • Those with asthma may be sensitive to aspirin
29
Q

What do anticoagulants do? Examples? (2)

Used to treat?

A
  • Prevent new thrombosis by blocking clotting factors 2, 7, 9 and 10
  • e.g. heparin (IV) and Warfarin (oral)
  • Treat DVT, PE, NSTEMI and atrial fibrillation
30
Q

What are side effects of anticoagulants like Warfarin? What must be done as a result?

A
  • Haemorrhage anywhere

* Must monitor Warfarin level in the blood (control dose carefully by INR = International Normalised Ratio)

Cardiovascular (28 decks)

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