Summary Flashcards
State the differences between the female and male bony pelvis
What is the false and true pelvis?
Describe the anatomy and the course of the spermatic cord and categorize its contents.
Spermatic cord contents :”Please Don’tContribute To A Good S ex Life”:
Pampiniform plexus
Ductus deferens
Cremasteric artery
Testicular artery
Artery of the ductus deferens
Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
Sympathetic nerve fibers
Lymphatic vessels
Sperm pathway through male reproductive tract : SEVEN UP:
Seminiferous tubules
Epididymis
Vas deferens
Ejaculatory duct
Nothing
Urethra
Penis
Relate the major vessels (LP & IIA) that pass through the pelvis and the territories they supply
Internal iliac artery: anterior branches :What Bill admitted to Hilary: “I Milked Our InsatiableIntern’s Udders Under the Desk”:
Inferior gluteal
Middle rectal
Obturator
Inferior vesical artery
Internal pudendal artery
Umbilical
U/D=Uterine artery (female)/ Deferential artery (male)
Lumbar plexus “I, I Get Laid On Fridays”:
Iliohypogastric [L1]
Ilioinguinal [L1]
Genitofemoral [L1, L2]
Lateral femoral cutaneous [L2, L3]
Obtruator [L2, L3, L4]
Femoral [L2, L3, L4]
Identify main vessels of the pelvis
Identify the main vessels supplying the male reproductive organs
Identify the main vessels supplying the female reproductive organs
Demonstrate the origins, tributaries and course of the inferior vena cava.
“I LikeTo Rise S o High”:
Illiacs
Lumbar
Testicular
Renal
S uprarenal
Hepatic vein.
Identify the retroperitoneal organs
Retroperitoneal structures list SAD PUCKER:
S uprarenal glands
Aorta & IVC
Duodenum (half)
Pancreas
Ureters
Colon (ascending & descending)
Kidneys
Esophagus (anterior & left covered)
Rectum
Identify the main Diaphragm apertures and their spinal levels
“I 8 10Eggs At 12”
Interior Vena Cavaà T8
T10àEsophagus
Aorta àT12
Describe the organisation of the parietal and visceral peritoneum; illustrate its lesser and greater sacs, and mesenteries.
Describe the anatomy of the anterior and posterior abdominal walls (skin, fascia, muscles and neurovascular bundles).
Although the abdominal wall is continuous, it is helpful for descriptive purposes to subdivide it into: (1) the anterolateral abdominal wall; and (2) the posterior abdominal wall.
The Anterolateral Abdominal Wall
Most of this wall consists of 3 muscular layers, each of which have its fibres running in different directions.
review the areas of the myocardium that are supplies by the major branches of the coronary arteries.
Identify the coronary artery that supply different areas of the heart
Identify the importance of understanding the practical uses of knowledge about the inguinal region
inguinal region of the abdominal wall as the area between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic tubercle (in other words, the groin or lower lateral parts of the abdomen). This region is particularly important for examination of males because the spermatic cord, the testes, and the scrotum are included in this area.
The inguinal region is a site for herniations, especially in males where the spermatic cord runs through the inguinal canal.
Inguinal canal: walls
“MALT: 2M, 2A, 2L, 2T”: Starting from superior, moving around in order to posterior: Superior wall (roof):
2 Muscles: internal oblique Muscle transverse abdominus
Muscle Anterior wall: 2 Aponeuroses:
Aponeurosis of external oblique
Aponeurosis of internal oblique Lower wall (floor):
2 Ligaments:
inguinal Ligament
lacunar Ligament
Posterior wall: 2Ts:
Transversalis fascia
conjoint Tendon
Assess the possible uses/advantages of knowing the extent of the omentum boundaries and the peritoneal sacs.
It is imperative for surgeons to have a proper knowledge of the omental bursa in order to perform an adequate dissection during minimally invasive surgery (MIS) of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
The omental bursa can be surgically entered through the hepatogastric ligament, gastrocolic ligament, gastrosplenic ligament or through the transverse mesocolon. Anatomical boundaries of the omental bursa could be clearly identified, and new anatomical landmarks were described (gastro-omental folds). The cranial part of the omental bursa consists of two compartments (splenic recess and superior recess), separated by the gastropancreatic fold, communicating at the level of the pancreas, and extending distally as the inferior recess.
Identify the difference between the rectus sheath structure above and below the umbilicus level
External Muscles
Rectis Abdominis
EO: Hands in pockets
IO: Hands in tits
Transversalis Abdominis
Rectus Sheath:
The ext. oblique, int. oblique, and transverse abdominis aponeuroses envelope the rectus abdominis muscle in a fascial sleeve known as the rectus sheath.
The rectus sheath completely encloses the superior three-fourths of the rectus abdominis muscle but only covers the anterior surface of the inferior one fourth of the muscle
The point where the rectus sheath is covering only the anterior part of the rectus abd. known as the arcuate line.
The arcuate line is located midway between the umbilicus and pubic bone (serves as the site where the inferior epigastric vessels enter to the rectus sheath).
Inferior to the arcuate line, the rectus abdominis muscle is in direct contact with the transversalis fascia because the rectus sheath only covers the anterior surface of the rectus abdominis muscle
Analyse the reasons why there are 2 systems in dividing the abdominal area from a clinical point of view.
four quadrants allow localisation of pain and tenderness, scars, lumps, and other items of interest, narrowing in on which organs and tissues may be involved. The quadrants are referred to as the left lower quadrant, left upper quadrant, right upper quadrant and right lower quadrant, as follows below.
What is the origin and insertion of each omentum?
Identify the correlation between the uterine artery and the ureters, what are the possible problems that might rise from this proximity?
Approximately 2cm superior to the ischial spine, the ureters run underneath the uterine artery. During a hysterectomy, where the uterus and uterine artery are removed, the ureter is in danger of being accidentally damaged. The relationship between the two can be remembered using the phrase ‘water under the bridge’.
Male: In men, instead of the uterine arteries, the vas deferens cross the ureters anteriorly
Analyse the possible implications of Recto-uterine pouch (of Douglas)
In women it is the deepest point of the peritoneal cavity, posterior to (behind) the uterus and anterior to (in front of) the rectum. (The pouch on the other side of the uterus is the vesico-uterine pouch.) It is near the posterior fornix of the vagina.
It is normal to have approximately 1 to 3 ml (or mL) of fluid in the recto-uterine pouch throughout the menstrual cycle.[1] After ovulation there is between 4 and 5 ml of fluid in the recto-uterine pouch.[1]
In men, the region corresponding to the recto-uterine pouch is the recto-vesical pouch, which lies between the urinary bladder and rectum. (There is no equivalent to the vesico-uterine pouch).
Summarise the GIT arterial supply.
Summarise the digestive neurovascular supply
Sumamrise the patheway of the pulmonary veins, azygos system and the IVC
Summarise the: IVC systemic system, Portal venosu system and abdominal lymphatics
Summarise branches of the Aorta
Briefly describe the course of the ascending aorta, the arch of the aorta and the descending thoracic aorta
Aortic arch: major branch order “Know your ABC’S”:
Aortic arch gives rise to: Brachiocephalic trunk
left CommonCarotid
left Subclavian
Thoracic Aorta
Descending abdominal aorta branches from diaphragm to iliacs :”ProstitutesCause S agging S wollen Red Testicles [in men] Living In S in”:
Phrenic [inferior]
Celiac
Superior mesenteric
S uprarenal [middle]
Renal
Testicular [“in men” only]
Lumbars
Inferior mesenteric
S acral
Describe the course of the vagus nerve and the phrenic nerves.
Analyse the structure of the heart; examine the orientation and anatomy of the heart and demonstrate the course of the left and right coronary arteries and the territories they supply
Heart valve sequence :”Try PullingMy Aorta”:
Tricuspid
Pulmonary
Mitral
Aorta
Atrioventricular (AV) valves:LAB RAT
Left Atrium: Bicuspid valve
Right Atrium: Tricuspid
Semilunar valve cusps: Aortic and pulmonary
Both of them have a right and left cusp, but one has an anterior cusp and one has a posterior cusp
Pulmonary trunk is anterior to the AortaàIt has the anterior cusp (right, left and anterior cusps)
Aorta is posteriorto the pulmonary trunkàIt has the posterior cusp (right, left and posterior cusps)
What forms the portal vein?
Describe the formation of the cystic duct and it’s drainage.
