Summary

Question 1

What is polymerisation?

Answer 1

Double bonds break into lots of monomers

These join together to make long chain polymers

Question 2

Which reaction releases energy from fuel?

Answer 2

Combustion

Question 3

What is hydrogenation (hardening) ?

Answer 3

Hydrogen is added at 60 degrees

Using a nickel catalyst

Double bonds are broken

Question 4

Why do we want to harden liquids?

Answer 4

Increase the melting point to make a liquid a solid

Question 5

What are two methods of extracting plant oils?

Answer 5

Crushing

Steam distillation

Question 6

How do you test the saturation?

Answer 6

Bromine water

Question 7

What does unsaturated fat do?

Answer 7

Reduce cholesterol

Question 8

What does saturated fat do?

Answer 8

Raises cholesterol

Question 9

What are the layers of the earth?

Answer 9

Inner core (solid + iron)
Outer core
Mantle (thickest layer -radioactive decay)
Crust (thinnest layer)

Question 10

What are transition elements?

Answer 10

Metals with incomplete penultimate shells

Less reactive than groups 1 and 2

Act as catalysts

Question 11

What is hydration?

Answer 11

Reaction with water (steam) to produce ethanol

Question 12

What is catalytic cracking?

Answer 12

A long alkane is vaporised and passed over a heated catalyst.

Temperature around 500 degrees

Low pressure