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Molecules To Cells > Summary > Flashcards

Summary Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic unit of life?

A

Cell

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2
Q

True or False: Water is a polar molecule.

A

True

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3
Q

What type of bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?

A

Covalent bond

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The process by which cells divide to form two daughter cells is called __________.

A

Mitosis

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5
Q

What is the role of ribosomes in a cell?

A

Protein synthesis

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6
Q

Which type of bond is formed between oppositely charged ions?

A

Ionic bond

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7
Q

What are the four primary biomolecules?

A

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids

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8
Q

True or False: All cells have a nucleus.

A

False

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9
Q

What is the term for a molecule that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed?

A

Catalyst

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10
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

To regulate the entry and exit of substances

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11
Q

What is the primary energy currency of the cell?

A

ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)

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12
Q

Fill in the blank: The sequence of amino acids in a protein is determined by the __________.

A

DNA

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13
Q

What is the process of converting mRNA into a protein called?

A

Translation

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14
Q

What type of bond is formed when two atoms share electrons unevenly, leading to a partial charge?

A

Polar covalent bond

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15
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions

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16
Q

True or False: Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus.

A

True

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17
Q

What is the structural component of the cell wall in plant cells?

A

Cellulose

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18
Q

What process do cells use to take in large particles?

A

Endocytosis

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19
Q

What is the main function of the mitochondria?

A

Energy production through cellular respiration

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20
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the control center of the cell.

A

Nucleus

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21
Q

What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?

A

Diffusion is the movement of solutes; osmosis is the movement of water.

22
Q

What is the term for the genetic material found in cells?

A

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)

23
Q

What is a phospholipid?

A

A lipid molecule with a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails, forming cell membranes.

24
Q

True or False: All living organisms are composed of cells.

A

True

25
Q

What is the purpose of the Golgi apparatus?

A

To modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids for secretion or use within the cell.

26
Q

What does the term ‘cellular respiration’ refer to?

A

The process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water.

27
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ phase of the cell cycle is when the cell grows and prepares for division.

A

Interphase

28
Q

What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

To synthesize proteins and lipids.

29
Q

What is a gene?

A

A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or function.

30
Q

True or False: Lipids are soluble in water.

A

False

31
Q

What is the primary function of chloroplasts?

A

To conduct photosynthesis in plant cells.

32
Q

What is the name of the process by which DNA is replicated?

A

DNA replication

33
Q

What is the primary component of the plasma membrane?

A

Phospholipids

34
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the fluid component inside the cell, excluding the nucleus.

A

Cytoplasm

35
Q

What is the role of the cytoskeleton?

A

To provide structural support and shape to the cell.

36
Q

What is apoptosis?

A

Programmed cell death.

37
Q

What is a stem cell?

A

A cell that has the potential to develop into many different cell types.

38
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the site of ribosome production.

A

Nucleolus

39
Q

What is a mutation?

A

A change in the DNA sequence of a gene.

40
Q

True or False: All enzymes are proteins.

A

True

41
Q

What are the three main stages of cellular respiration?

A

Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain.

42
Q

What is the process by which cells release energy from glucose called?

A

Cellular respiration

43
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ phase of mitosis involves the alignment of chromosomes in the center of the cell.

A

Metaphase

44
Q

What is the term for the outermost layer of a plant cell?

A

Cell wall

45
Q

What is the role of DNA polymerase?

A

To synthesize new DNA strands during replication.

46
Q

True or False: The rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes.

A

True

47
Q

What is the function of lysosomes?

A

To digest and break down waste materials and cellular debris.

48
Q

What is the primary function of the vacuole in plant cells?

A

To store nutrients and maintain turgor pressure.

49
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is a network of proteins that helps maintain cell shape.

A

Cytoskeleton

50
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

A structure made of DNA and proteins that contains genetic information.

Molecules To Cells (1 decks)

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