Summary

Question 1

What is the basic unit of life?

Answer 1

Cell

Question 2

True or False: Water is a polar molecule.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What type of bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?

Answer 3

Covalent bond

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The process by which cells divide to form two daughter cells is called __________.

Answer 4

Mitosis

Question 5

What is the role of ribosomes in a cell?

Answer 5

Protein synthesis

Question 6

Which type of bond is formed between oppositely charged ions?

Answer 6

Ionic bond

Question 7

What are the four primary biomolecules?

Answer 7

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids

Question 8

True or False: All cells have a nucleus.

Answer 8

False

Question 9

What is the term for a molecule that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed?

Answer 9

Catalyst

Question 10

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 10

To regulate the entry and exit of substances

Question 11

What is the primary energy currency of the cell?

Answer 11

ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)

Question 12

Fill in the blank: The sequence of amino acids in a protein is determined by the __________.

Answer 12

DNA

Question 13

What is the process of converting mRNA into a protein called?

Answer 13

Translation

Question 14

What type of bond is formed when two atoms share electrons unevenly, leading to a partial charge?

Answer 14

Polar covalent bond

Question 15

What are enzymes?

Answer 15

Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions

Question 16

True or False: Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

What is the structural component of the cell wall in plant cells?

Answer 17

Cellulose

Question 18

What process do cells use to take in large particles?

Answer 18

Endocytosis

Question 19

What is the main function of the mitochondria?

Answer 19

Energy production through cellular respiration

Question 20

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the control center of the cell.

Answer 20

Nucleus

Question 21

What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?

Answer 21

Diffusion is the movement of solutes; osmosis is the movement of water.

Question 22

What is the term for the genetic material found in cells?

Answer 22

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)

Question 23

What is a phospholipid?

Answer 23

A lipid molecule with a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails, forming cell membranes.

Question 24

True or False: All living organisms are composed of cells.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What is the purpose of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 25

To modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids for secretion or use within the cell.

Question 26

What does the term 'cellular respiration' refer to?

Answer 26

The process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water.

Question 27

Fill in the blank: The __________ phase of the cell cycle is when the cell grows and prepares for division.

Answer 27

Interphase

Question 28

What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 28

To synthesize proteins and lipids.

Question 29

What is a gene?

Answer 29

A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or function.

Question 30

True or False: Lipids are soluble in water.

Answer 30

False

Question 31

What is the primary function of chloroplasts?

Answer 31

To conduct photosynthesis in plant cells.

Question 32

What is the name of the process by which DNA is replicated?

Answer 32

DNA replication

Question 33

What is the primary component of the plasma membrane?

Answer 33

Phospholipids

Question 34

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the fluid component inside the cell, excluding the nucleus.

Answer 34

Cytoplasm

Question 35

What is the role of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 35

To provide structural support and shape to the cell.

Question 36

What is apoptosis?

Answer 36

Programmed cell death.

Question 37

What is a stem cell?

Answer 37

A cell that has the potential to develop into many different cell types.

Question 38

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the site of ribosome production.

Answer 38

Nucleolus

Question 39

What is a mutation?

Answer 39

A change in the DNA sequence of a gene.

Question 40

True or False: All enzymes are proteins.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

What are the three main stages of cellular respiration?

Answer 41

Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain.

Question 42

What is the process by which cells release energy from glucose called?

Answer 42

Cellular respiration

Question 43

Fill in the blank: The __________ phase of mitosis involves the alignment of chromosomes in the center of the cell.

Answer 43

Metaphase

Question 44

What is the term for the outermost layer of a plant cell?

Answer 44

Cell wall

Question 45

What is the role of DNA polymerase?

Answer 45

To synthesize new DNA strands during replication.

Question 46

True or False: The rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes.

Answer 46

True

Question 47

What is the function of lysosomes?

Answer 47

To digest and break down waste materials and cellular debris.

Question 48

What is the primary function of the vacuole in plant cells?

Answer 48

To store nutrients and maintain turgor pressure.

Question 49

Fill in the blank: The __________ is a network of proteins that helps maintain cell shape.

Answer 49

Cytoskeleton

Question 50

What is a chromosome?

Answer 50

A structure made of DNA and proteins that contains genetic information.