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Extremities Technique II > Summarizing Shoulder Conditions > Flashcards

Summarizing Shoulder Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the progressive non-inflammatory disease characterized by degenerative changes in the glenohumeral joint?

A

Glenohumeral joint osteoarthritis

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2
Q

What is the chronic inflammatory disorder of the glenohumeral joint capsule and synovial lining in which initial inflammation is followed by reactive joint capsule fibrosis?

A

Adhesive capsulitis

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3
Q

What is the compression of tissue in the subacromial space?

A

Impingement syndrome

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4
Q

Which tissues may be compressed by impingement syndrome?

A
  • Subacromial bursa (bursitis)
  • Supraspinatus tendon (tendinopathy)
  • Long head biceps (tendinopathy)
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5
Q

What are the muscles affected by rotator cuff tear in order or prevalence?

A
  1. Supraspinatus tendon
  2. Infraspinatus tendon
  3. Subscapularis tendon
  4. Teres minor tendon (rare)
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6
Q

What is the progressive non-inflammatory disease characterized by degenerative changes in the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Acromioclavicular joint osteoarthritis

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7
Q

What is the etiology of primary adhesive capsulitis?

A

Idiopathic

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8
Q

What is the etiology of secondary adhesive capsulitis?

A

Another condition:

  1. Systemic disorders
  2. Shoulder disorders
  3. Non-shoulder disorders
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9
Q

What are some systemic disorders that may cause secondary adhesive capsulitis?

A
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Thyroid disease
  • Autoimmune disease
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10
Q

The supraspinatus tendon has tendinopathy due to compression in the subacromial space, what term describes this condition?

A

Impingement syndrome

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11
Q

What are some etiologies of impingement syndrome?

A
  1. Functional narrowing (common)
  2. Structural narrowing of subacromial space
  3. Swelling in the subacromial space
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12
Q

What are some examples of functional narrowing leading to impingement syndrome?

A
  • Strength imbalance
  • Tight posterior glenohumeral joint capsule
  • Tight inferior glenohumeral joint capsule
  • Decreased upward rotation of scapula
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13
Q

The following could all lead to what condition?

  • Strength imbalance
  • Tight posterior glenohumeral joint capsule
  • Tight inferior glenohumeral joint capsule
  • Decreased upward rotation of scapula
A

Functional narrowing leading to impingement syndrome

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14
Q

What are some etiologies of rotator cuff tear?

A
  • Age-related degeneration
  • Impingement syndrome
  • Tension overload
  • Trauma (dislocation, FOOSH)
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15
Q

What is the most common etiology of rotator cuff tear in patients over 40 years old?

A

Age-related degeneration

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16
Q

What are the most common etiologies of rotator cuff tear in athletes?

A
  • Impingement syndrome
  • Tension overload
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17
Q

What is the most common acromioclavicular joint condition causing pain?

A

Osteoarthritis

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18
Q

What are some etiologies of AC joint separation?

A
  • Trauma
  • Injury to ACJ capsule and ligament
  • Injury to coracoclavicular ligament (types II-VI)
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19
Q

The following is the typical history of a patient with what condition?

  • Patient is over 60 years old
  • Patient complains of gradual onset of shoulder pain, progressively worsening, aggravated by activity
A

Glenohumeral joint osteoarthritis

20
Q

The following is the typical history of a patient with what condition?

  • Patient is between 40 and 60 years old
  • Gradual onset of shoulder pain
  • Progressively worsening pain
  • Aggravated by activity
A

Adhesive capsulitis in stage 1 (inflammation)

21
Q

The following is the typical history of a patient with what condition?

  • Patient is between 40 and 60 years old
  • Shoulder stiffness
  • Decreasing pain
A

Adhesive capsulitis in stage 2 (fibrosis and contracture)

22
Q

The following is the typical history of a patient with what condition?

  • Patient is between 40 and 60 years old
  • Shoulder stiffness is decreasing over time
  • Pain is minor
A

Adhesive capsulitis in stage 3 (remodels and stretches)

23
Q

Shoulder pain from impingement syndrome may include:

A
  • Anterolateral SH pain
  • Long head biceps tendon
  • Referred pain to deltoid insertion, lateral arm, or forearm
24
Q

The typical patient with impingement syndrome is ___ years old or younger if ___

A

over 35 years old or younger if an athlete

25
Onset of impingement syndrome is related to:
* Occupation (overhead work) * Overhead sports * 30% unrelated to activity
26
Symptoms of impingement syndrome are aggravated by which activities?
Overhead activities
27
The following is the typical history of a patient with what condition? * Patient is over 40 years old * Shoulder pain or SH pain and weakness
Rotator cuff tear
28
The following is the typical history of a patient with what condition? * Patient is an athlete younger than 40 years old * Shoulder pain or SH pain and weakness
Rotator cuff tear
29
Incidence of rotator cuff tear increases with...
age
30
The following is the typical history of a patient with what condition? * Patient does repetitive overhead work (heavy labor) * May have a complication of trauma
Osteoarthritis of AC joint
31
Incidence of osteoarthritis of AC joint increases with...
patients doing heavy labor
32
The following is the typical history of a patient with what condition? * Patient has direct trauma to point of shoulder
Separation of AC joint
33
The following are findings in a physical exam of what condition? * Decreased active ROM and passive ROM of GHJ with no pattern * Possible disuse atrophy * Crepitus in GHJ
Glenohumeral joint osteoarthritis
34
The following are findings in a physical exam of what condition? * Mildly decreased active ROM and passive ROM of GHJ with no pattern * Inflammation
Stage 1 adhesive capsulitis (inflammation)
35
The following are findings in a physical exam of what condition? * Increasing loss of ROM: greatest loss in external rotation of shoulder * Capsular pattern possible
Stage 2 adhesive capsulitis (fibrosis and contracture)
36
The following are findings in a physical exam of what condition? * After loss of motion, ROM of shoulder is improving
Stage 3 adhesive capsulitis (remodels and stretches)
37
The following are findings in a physical exam of what condition? * Possible tenderness of: greater tubercle, anterolateral SH below acromion, LHBT, ACJ * Subacromial crepitus possible * Positive impingement test * Maybe positive supraspinatus press test
Impingement syndrome
38
The following are findings in a physical exam of what condition? * Tenderness * Subacromial crepitus possible * Rotator cuff strength of 4/5 or weaker * Weakness of adjacent muscles * Positive impingement test * Maybe positive supraspinatus press test * Maybe positive drop arm test
Rotator cuff tear (Weakness of adjacent muscles indicates massive tear)
39
The following are findings in a physical exam of what condition? * AC joint tenderness * Pain upon cross body adduction
AC joint osteoarthritis
40
The following are findings in a physical exam of what condition? * Step defect * AC joint tenderness
AC joint separation (Step defect found in types II-VI)
41
The following describes imaging of what condition? * Glenohumeral joint destruction in radiographs
Glenohumeral joint osteoarthritis
42
The following describes imaging of what condition? * Normal radiographs * CT/MRI show inflammation and/or thickened joint capsule
Adhesive capsulitis
43
The following describes imaging of what condition? * Radiographs may show structural causes of impingement * MRI is negative for tear
Impingement syndrome
44
The following describes imaging of what condition? * MRI shows a tear
Rotator cuff tear
45
The following describes imaging of what condition? * Radiographs show AC joint destruction
AC joint osteoarthritis
46
The following describes imaging of what condition? * Step defect
AC joint separation (types II-VI) (Type I is negative for step defect)

Extremities Technique II (8 decks)

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