Summarizing Shoulder Conditions Flashcards
What is the progressive non-inflammatory disease characterized by degenerative changes in the glenohumeral joint?
Glenohumeral joint osteoarthritis
What is the chronic inflammatory disorder of the glenohumeral joint capsule and synovial lining in which initial inflammation is followed by reactive joint capsule fibrosis?
Adhesive capsulitis
What is the compression of tissue in the subacromial space?
Impingement syndrome
Which tissues may be compressed by impingement syndrome?
- Subacromial bursa (bursitis)
- Supraspinatus tendon (tendinopathy)
- Long head biceps (tendinopathy)
What are the muscles affected by rotator cuff tear in order or prevalence?
- Supraspinatus tendon
- Infraspinatus tendon
- Subscapularis tendon
- Teres minor tendon (rare)
What is the progressive non-inflammatory disease characterized by degenerative changes in the acromioclavicular joint?
Acromioclavicular joint osteoarthritis
What is the etiology of primary adhesive capsulitis?
Idiopathic
What is the etiology of secondary adhesive capsulitis?
Another condition:
- Systemic disorders
- Shoulder disorders
- Non-shoulder disorders
What are some systemic disorders that may cause secondary adhesive capsulitis?
- Diabetes mellitus
- Thyroid disease
- Autoimmune disease
The supraspinatus tendon has tendinopathy due to compression in the subacromial space, what term describes this condition?
Impingement syndrome
What are some etiologies of impingement syndrome?
- Functional narrowing (common)
- Structural narrowing of subacromial space
- Swelling in the subacromial space
What are some examples of functional narrowing leading to impingement syndrome?
- Strength imbalance
- Tight posterior glenohumeral joint capsule
- Tight inferior glenohumeral joint capsule
- Decreased upward rotation of scapula
The following could all lead to what condition?
- Strength imbalance
- Tight posterior glenohumeral joint capsule
- Tight inferior glenohumeral joint capsule
- Decreased upward rotation of scapula
Functional narrowing leading to impingement syndrome
What are some etiologies of rotator cuff tear?
- Age-related degeneration
- Impingement syndrome
- Tension overload
- Trauma (dislocation, FOOSH)
What is the most common etiology of rotator cuff tear in patients over 40 years old?
Age-related degeneration
What are the most common etiologies of rotator cuff tear in athletes?
- Impingement syndrome
- Tension overload
What is the most common acromioclavicular joint condition causing pain?
Osteoarthritis
What are some etiologies of AC joint separation?
- Trauma
- Injury to ACJ capsule and ligament
- Injury to coracoclavicular ligament (types II-VI)
The following is the typical history of a patient with what condition?
- Patient is over 60 years old
- Patient complains of gradual onset of shoulder pain, progressively worsening, aggravated by activity
Glenohumeral joint osteoarthritis
The following is the typical history of a patient with what condition?
- Patient is between 40 and 60 years old
- Gradual onset of shoulder pain
- Progressively worsening pain
- Aggravated by activity
Adhesive capsulitis in stage 1 (inflammation)
The following is the typical history of a patient with what condition?
- Patient is between 40 and 60 years old
- Shoulder stiffness
- Decreasing pain
Adhesive capsulitis in stage 2 (fibrosis and contracture)
The following is the typical history of a patient with what condition?
- Patient is between 40 and 60 years old
- Shoulder stiffness is decreasing over time
- Pain is minor
Adhesive capsulitis in stage 3 (remodels and stretches)
Shoulder pain from impingement syndrome may include:
- Anterolateral SH pain
- Long head biceps tendon
- Referred pain to deltoid insertion, lateral arm, or forearm
The typical patient with impingement syndrome is ___ years old or younger if ___
over 35 years old or younger if an athlete
Onset of impingement syndrome is related to:
- Occupation (overhead work)
- Overhead sports
- 30% unrelated to activity
Symptoms of impingement syndrome are aggravated by which activities?
Overhead activities
The following is the typical history of a patient with what condition?
- Patient is over 40 years old
- Shoulder pain or SH pain and weakness
Rotator cuff tear
The following is the typical history of a patient with what condition?
- Patient is an athlete younger than 40 years old
- Shoulder pain or SH pain and weakness
Rotator cuff tear
Incidence of rotator cuff tear increases with…
age
The following is the typical history of a patient with what condition?
- Patient does repetitive overhead work (heavy labor)
- May have a complication of trauma
Osteoarthritis of AC joint
Incidence of osteoarthritis of AC joint increases with…
patients doing heavy labor
The following is the typical history of a patient with what condition?
- Patient has direct trauma to point of shoulder
Separation of AC joint
The following are findings in a physical exam of what condition?
- Decreased active ROM and passive ROM of GHJ with no pattern
- Possible disuse atrophy
- Crepitus in GHJ
Glenohumeral joint osteoarthritis
The following are findings in a physical exam of what condition?
- Mildly decreased active ROM and passive ROM of GHJ with no pattern
- Inflammation
Stage 1 adhesive capsulitis (inflammation)
The following are findings in a physical exam of what condition?
- Increasing loss of ROM: greatest loss in external rotation of shoulder
- Capsular pattern possible
Stage 2 adhesive capsulitis (fibrosis and contracture)
The following are findings in a physical exam of what condition?
- After loss of motion, ROM of shoulder is improving
Stage 3 adhesive capsulitis (remodels and stretches)
The following are findings in a physical exam of what condition?
- Possible tenderness of: greater tubercle, anterolateral SH below acromion, LHBT, ACJ
- Subacromial crepitus possible
- Positive impingement test
- Maybe positive supraspinatus press test
Impingement syndrome
The following are findings in a physical exam of what condition?
- Tenderness
- Subacromial crepitus possible
- Rotator cuff strength of 4/5 or weaker
- Weakness of adjacent muscles
- Positive impingement test
- Maybe positive supraspinatus press test
- Maybe positive drop arm test
Rotator cuff tear
(Weakness of adjacent muscles indicates massive tear)
The following are findings in a physical exam of what condition?
- AC joint tenderness
- Pain upon cross body adduction
AC joint osteoarthritis
The following are findings in a physical exam of what condition?
- Step defect
- AC joint tenderness
AC joint separation
(Step defect found in types II-VI)
The following describes imaging of what condition?
- Glenohumeral joint destruction in radiographs
Glenohumeral joint osteoarthritis
The following describes imaging of what condition?
- Normal radiographs
- CT/MRI show inflammation and/or thickened joint capsule
Adhesive capsulitis
The following describes imaging of what condition?
- Radiographs may show structural causes of impingement
- MRI is negative for tear
Impingement syndrome
The following describes imaging of what condition?
- MRI shows a tear
Rotator cuff tear
The following describes imaging of what condition?
- Radiographs show AC joint destruction
AC joint osteoarthritis
The following describes imaging of what condition?
- Step defect
AC joint separation (types II-VI)
(Type I is negative for step defect)