Summarised Atomic Structure

Question 1

discuss the process of
theoretical change with
respect to Dalton’s atomic
theory;

The postulates of Dalton’s
Atomic theory and
modifications of the
theory. Mention the
criteria that are considered
when theories are
accepted, for example, fit
between evidence and
theoretical constructs,
reliability and accuracy of
data, replicability of
experiments, consensus
within the scientific
community, societal
factors.

Question 2

describe the structure of
the atom;
Simple treatment:
properties of protons,
neutrons and electrons
only; their relative masses
and charges, location and
their behaviour in electric
and magnetic fields.

Question 3

define the following terms:

(a) mass number;

(b) isotopes; and,

(c) relative atomic and
isotopic masses
based on the 12
6 C
scale.

Must include reference to
the mass of carbon-12

Question 4

explain the phenomenon
of radioactivity;

Question 5

cite the use of
radioisotopes;

Identification of at least
three uses.

Question 6

explain how data from
emission spectra provide
evidence for discrete
energy levels within the
atom;

Bohr model, simple
treatment of the emission
spectrum of hydrogen;
Lyman series, Balmer series;
ΔE or dE = hν.

Question 7

describe the shapes of the
s and p orbitals;

Question 8

state the factors which
influence the first
ionisation energy of
elements;

Include atomic radii, nuclear
charge, shielding.

Question 9

explain how ionisation
energy data provide
evidence for sub-shells;
and,

Use Period 3 as an example.