Summarisation- Behaviourist approach Flashcards
Effectiveness
- Capafons
- demonstrates positively effectiveness of SD
- fear of flying
- fewer psychological signs of fear in flight simulator
- after 12-15 week treatment period
- vivo + vitro used
- STRENGTH
Side effects
- Non invasive therapy
- No physical side effects
- No risk of addiction, changes in personality
- STRENGTH
Cause or symptom?
- Removed symptoms
- Not treated ‘root’
- Symptom substitution
- decreases effectiveness
- WEAKNESS
Appropriateness
- Works better for some phobias
- Less effective- general phobias
- Not effective with ‘ancient fears’
- Less likely to fear modern day
- Reduces effectiveness
- Limited
- WEAKNESS
Patient involvement
- Low level of patient involvement
- Not require homework
- Unlike REBT
- Amount of sessions= Type of phobia, How well patient responds
- Not required - vast amount of time, effort outside
- STRENGTH
ETHICAL ISSUES
Anxiety controlled+
Informed consent+
Failure to protect participants from harm-
Anxiety controlled
- More ethical than flooding
- Client contentment is central to therapy
++++++
Informed consent
- Able to provide full informed consent
- Unlike schizophrenia
- Take part= own free will
- Can leave at any point
++++++++
However… (ethical sd)
- situation causes fear + anxiety
- some argue element of failure to protect participants from
harm
——————
Behaviour learned through conditioning (RELATIONSHIPS)
- Reinforcement models of attraction
- more likely= form relationships with ppl who reinforce us
- Byrne developed reinforcement Affect model
- we like animals/ppl who are there when we are reinforced
- Seek relationships with rewarding stimuli
Operant (RELATIONSHIPS)
- Rewarding animal for good behaviour
- Positive experience= rewarding interaction
- Owner happy= animal happy
- Increasing time spent
Classical (RELATIONSHIPS)
- Owning pet brings person happy feelings
- Per associated with feeling happy
- Pet owners= less likely suffer depression
- Lower blood pressure than non pet owners
N (1)
Cause for normal behaviour
- Underlying cause of normal bhvr through learning
- Classical= associations
- Operant= reinforcement
A(2)
Cause of abnormal behaviour
- Result faulty learning
- Classically conditioned= associate fear-flying
- person avoids trigger
- feel better
- actually process of reinforcement
-confronted with trigger again=phobic response heightened
A(3)
Aim of therapy (based on belief about cause of abnormal behaviour)
- Objective of SD=relearn more functional response instead of stimulus
N(4)
Procedure of therapy to re-establish normal behaviour again
- Gradually+systematically breaks down down faulty association
- Replace with more functional response
- ^counter conditioning
- Client progresses through desensitisation hierarchy
- SD based on conditioning
- psychologist from behaviourist= consider appropriate
Procedure session 1
- Returned to lab
- presented with white rat
- Albert reached
- Bar struck behind head
Procedure session 2
- Shown rat (no sound)
- After exposed 5 times with ‘joint stimulation’
Procedure session 3
- Testing generalisation
- presented with rat, wooden blocks, rabbit, dog, seal fur coat
Procedure session 4
- New environment
- Large well lit lecture room
- 4 people
- Placed on table in centre
Procedure session 5
- Last time
- Presented with santa mask, fur coat, rabbit, dog, blocks
Findings session 1
- Bar struck= Albert jumped & fell forward, burying head, no cry
- Second time struck= Fell forward whimpering
Findings session 2
- Stared at rat, did not reach
-Rat brought closer, reached but withdrew hand when rat started to nuzzle hand - Blocks played with happily
- Cautious response just for rat
- After further joint stimulation, Albert= distressed, trying to crawl away
Findings session 3
- Blocks fine
- Rat fear
- rabbit as extreme as rat
- played with cotton wool in package, not touching cotton at first
- Watson hair= no fear response