Sum Quizz Flashcards
Define a positive feedback system and provide two examples.
A positive feedback system amplifies a response or process.
Examples include blood clotting and childbirth.
List three functions of a cell plasma membrane.
- Protects the cell
- Regulates what enters and exits the cell
- Facilitates communication with other cells
What is the function of ribosomes and where would you find them inside a cell?
Ribosomes synthesize proteins and can be found in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
Complete the following paragraph: Each somatic _______ cell in the human body contains _______ chromosomes. During the process of protein synthesis, a copy of a gene is made into a _______ molecules of mRNA. This molecule then leaves the nucleus and travels to ________, which is the organelle where protein synthesis occurs. The _______ acts as the packaging plant (‘post office’) for the cell.
[eukaryotic]
The terms to fill in are eukaryotic, 46, and mRNA. The organelle is ribosome and the packaging plant is Golgi apparatus.
Define the following terms relating to genetics:
A gene is a segment of DNA that encodes a functional product, usually a protein.
Define the following terms relating to genetics: Mutation.
A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that may lead to changes in the structure and function of the encoded protein.
Define the following terms relating to genetics: Histone.
A histone is a protein that helps package and order DNA into structural units called nucleosomes.
Complete the following table comparing mitosis and meiosis: Number of divisions in mitosis.
1
Complete the following table comparing mitosis and meiosis: Number of divisions in meiosis.
2
Complete the following table comparing mitosis and meiosis: Number of daughter cells produced in mitosis.
2
Complete the following table comparing mitosis and meiosis: Number of daughter cells produced in meiosis.
4
Complete the following table comparing mitosis and meiosis: Are the daughter cells diploid or haploid in mitosis?
Diploid
Complete the following table comparing mitosis and meiosis: Are the daughter cells diploid or haploid in meiosis?
Haploid
Complete the following table comparing mitosis and meiosis: Are the daughter cells identical or non-identical in mitosis?
Identical
Complete the following table comparing mitosis and meiosis: Are the daughter cells identical or non-identical in meiosis?
Non-identical
Compare the terms Active and Passive transport?
Active transport uses energy to move substances against a concentration gradient, while passive transport moves substances along a concentration gradient without using energy.
Briefly compare an endocrine and exocrine gland?
An endocrine gland releases hormones directly into the bloodstream without ducts, while an exocrine gland secretes substances through ducts onto a body surface, like sweat, saliva, or digestive juices
