SULLIVAN

Question 1

Bluish-gray discoloration of the skin and mucous membrane

Answer 1

cyanosis

Question 2

caused by hypoxia and results in color changes in the central aspects of the body and mucous membranes; associated with disease of the cardiovascular or pulmonary system

Answer 2

central cyanosis

Question 3

caused by hypoxia with color changes in the nail beds and lips associated with decreased cardiac output and exposure to cold (extreme vasoconstriction)

Answer 3

peripheral cyanosis

Question 4

caused by bruising or bleeding under the skin and may be seen anywhere on the body; new bruises appear bluish-purple while older bruises are greenish-yellow; often caused by trauma (e.g., falls, sports injury, physical abuse) patients on blood thinning agents (e.g., coumadin) tend to bruise more easily

Answer 4

ecchymosis

Question 5

reddened area of skin caused by increased blood flow (hyperemia); associated with skin irritation or injury, infection, and inflammation; redness over a bony prominence warns of the potential development of the cubitus ulcer

Answer 5

erythema

Question 6

diffuse redness of face; may involve other areas; related to emotions (embarrassment, anger), physical exertion, fever, and increase temperature of environment

Answer 6

flushing

Question 7

caused by impaired liver function (e.g., hepatitis, liver cancer), the skin takes on a yellow-orange hue; it is best observed in the sclera, mucous membranes, and the palms of hand and sole of the feet

Answer 7

Jaundice

Question 8

the skin takes on a lighter tone (more white with decreased pink hue) than normal for the individual (a normally “fair” skin color should be ruled out); for darker skin, palor is apparent by loss of red tones; associated with anemia and impaired circulation; observed in the face palms mucous membranes and nail beds

Answer 8

Pallor (pale)

Question 9

tiny red or purple hemorrhagic spots caused by capillary bleeding with subsequent leakage of blood into the skin; tend to appear in clusters and often seen on the ankles and feet but can only occur anywhere on the body; maybe a sign of thrombocytopenia (low platelet count); as platelets play a critical role in clotting, reduce counts impair clothing and increase the risk of bleeding; low platelet counts are associated with the variety of medication and disorders

Answer 9

petechiae

Question 10

tiny red or purple hemorrhagic spots caused by capillary bleeding with subsequent leakage of blood into the skin; tend to appear in clusters and often seen on the ankles and feet but can only occur anywhere on the body; maybe a sign of thrombocytopenia (low platelet count); as platelets play a critical role in clotting, reduce counts impair clothing and increase the risk of bleeding; low platelet counts are associated with the variety of medication and disorders

Answer 10

petechiae