suitable urban neighbourhood Flashcards
what is development
refers to economic, social and political process which results in an improvement of standard of living for a population. countries may be classified according to their level of development based on a combination of economic and social indicators: economic indicator - gross domestic product per capita, social indicators - life expectancy and adult literacy rate
what is sustainable development
refers to development that meets the needs of the present population by achieving high standards of living for all, ensures the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
three key aims of sustainable development are
economy, environment, and society
example of an overfocus on one dimension may lead to other dimensions being overlooked
if economic growth is prioritised by the government, the environment may be neglected and destroyed resulting in loss of biodiversity, and deterioration in the quality of the environment for the present and future generations. hence, it is important for the government to also ensure that the environmental and social dimensions are consider
the approach to sustainable development should vary from place to place and across time
it does not mean that all 3 dimensions of sustainability are always balanced, while all three dimensions should be considered, greater emphasis might need to be placed on one dimension over others at different places
how is economic sustainability achieved
by ensuring that a neighbourhood has a high enough population density, which helps to support local businesses and keep transport and infrastructure costs low
economy is broken down into
primary (fishing, farming, mining), secondary (industry), tertiary (hotel, education
how do yk one has high standard of living and what sorts of goods and services must one be able to afford
high level of development in country esp economic devt, basic goods and services such as food, housing and health care
eg of economic indicators
gross domestic product per capita ( size of country’s economy), employment opportunities ( rate)
social indicators such as
adult literacy rate, life expectaancy
3 SDG
sustainable cities and communities, decent economic growth and work, good healthcare and services
economic sustainability ( why must there be a high enough population density)
enough demand so transport and infrastructure cost can remain low. local business will have sufficient demand by customers for goods and services
economic sustainability ( why close proximity?)
transport costs for residential remain low, convenience of travelling, less cost required to develop transport
economic sustainability ( why spatial association )
additional infrastructure is not required to connect transport modes, lowering costs of travelling for residents
social sustainability ( sense of place why)
feel a sense of belonging to their neighbourhood
economic sustainability (small population size)
facilitate regular interactions among residents, builds positive relationships and resilience, comfortable to voice opinions and participate in decision making processes
environmental sustainability ( ample protection for nature)
human wildlife coexistence for wildlife to thrive, wide variety of habitats for biodiversity to be maximised ( planting different types of plants and trees)
environmental sustainability (facilities to support waste minimisation and recycling)
making it convenient for residents to recycle to reduce overall waste generation, high enough population density to make recycling efficient and economically viable
environmental sustainability ( energy and water efficient design for buildings and landscape)
reduces resource consumption by using smart technologies (using cool paint colours to lower temp by at least 2 deg C, rain harvesting for block washing)
what do ecosystem services refer to
refer to benefits brought by nature to people. they can be provided by both living and non living communities of the ecosystem. this means natural environment should remain thriving and balanced in order for mankind to continue reaping the benefits varying in size
provisioning ecosystem services
refer to tangible resources that people can get from ecosystems such as food, water and wood , food is one of the most important provisioning services provided by nature to people and can be obtained thru measures like agriculture and fisheries ( eg, food is grown in urban community gardens focused on planting edibles on rooftops)
regulating services
benefits obtained from regulation of ecosystem processes, like climate regulation, disease outbreak regulation and flood regulation, ecosystems work together so they are functional, clean, sustainable and resilient to changes. in urban neighbourhood, microclimate regulation, flood mitigation and air and water quality control
examples of regulating ecosystem services
trees can lower surface and air temp by providing shade, forests help cool areas by generating rainfall, vegetation reduce surface runoff by retaining water in soil ( water flow regulation), trees and plants regulate air quality by removing air pollutants
cultural ecosystem services
intangible benefits people obtain from ecosystems. greenspace –> aesthetic appreciation ( community and skyrise gardens and greenery) and stress relieving. other benefits ; educational and recreational activities (hiking), improving physical and mental health, foster social and group belonging and identity, strengthening sense of place
