SUGER Flashcards
(255 cards)
What is neurourology?
Management of neuropathic bladder, bowel and sexual function
What are the types of incontinence?
Stress incontinence, urge incontinence, retention with overflow
What is the function of the urinary tract ?
Collect the urine, store it and void it when socially appropriate
What are the key factors of filling in a normal bladder?
Continence, sensation of bladder volume and receptive relaxation
What are the key factors of voiding in a normal bladder?
Voluntary initiation and emptying completely
What are the consequences of rtinary tract dysfunction?
Infections, bladder stone and upper tract injury
What in the function of the upper urinary tract?
Prevention of reflux and active peristalsis
What are the urethral sphincters?
Distal urethral sphincter (smooth muscle, intrinsic striated sphincter and extrinsic strained sphincter) and urethral sphincter, which is only used during ejaculation
What is the rhabdosphincter made of?
Intrinsic striated distal urethral sphincter. It is a slow twitch striated muscle.
What are the local afferents in the bladder?
The guarding reflex
Where does the Onuf’s upper motor neurone come from?
The motor cortex, it travels in the cortico-spinal tracts
What is the bladder made of?
It is composed of multiple segments of smooth muscle with their associated ganglia. Each segment exhibits spontaneous activity (micromotions)
Can the bladder be denervated?
No
What does the sacral micturition centre control?
Parasympathetic control of the bladder, with C fibre local afferents. Causes reflex bladder contractions
What do A delta fibres do?
Control normal sense of bladder fullness
What is sympathetic control of the bladder?
The bladder has receptive relaxation, the bladder neck during ejaculation and the smooth muscle sphincter
What does the pontine micturition centre do?
Possible medial (micturition) and lateral (storage) centres. It is the motor centre for the autonomic control of the lower urinary tract
What happens in the periaqueductal gray do?
It has the visceral and somatic control centre for the lower urinary tract. It receives A delta fibre input and communicates with conscious centres
How does the cerebral cortex affect the bladder?
It receives sensation and voluntary initiation
How does the midbrain affect the bladder?
It had the periaqueductal gray and the pontine micturition centre. It controls coordination and completion of voiding
What are the spinal reflexes involved in passing urine?
The reflex bladder contraction in the sacral micturition centre (coordination of micromotions); guarding reflex in Onuf’s nucleus
What does neuropathic mean?
Disorder of function due to nervous system dysfunction
What does atrophy mean?
Decrease in size or wasting away of a body part or tissue
What makes up the urinary system?
Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra

