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sucliffe Flashcards

1
Q

Eukaryotics

A

histones, linear DNA, membrane bound, bigger ribosomes

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2
Q

Prokaryotes

A

no protein, circular DNA, no membrane bound, smaller ribosomes

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3
Q

G1

A

cell growth protein synthesis

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4
Q

S

A

DNA replication

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5
Q

G2

A

growth and preparation for mitosis

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6
Q

prophase

A

chromosomes are short and fat nucleus envelope breaks, start to form spindle fibres

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7
Q

metaphase

A

chromosome line across equator spindle fibres attaché to centromere

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8
Q

Anaphase

A

spindle fibres contract sister chromatids pulled to opposite poles

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9
Q

telophase

A

spindle fibres disintegrate chromatids are now chromosomes, nucleur envelope forms

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10
Q

cytosine

A

cell divides along middle two identical daughter cells

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11
Q

findings melson and sahlin

A

DNA with combination of heavy original strands and light new strands settled in the middle

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12
Q

cancer

A

uncontrolled cell division resulting from mutation which can cause a malignant tumour

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13
Q

malignant

A

the ability of a tumour to spread to form secondary tumours

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14
Q

benign

A

a tumour that does not or has not spread

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15
Q

how many naturally occurring amino acids are there

A

20

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16
Q

what is a amino acid a monomer for

A

proteins

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17
Q

amino acid + amino acid

A

dipeptide through condensation reaction

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18
Q

biuret test

A

test for the presence of protein

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19
Q

positive biuret test result

A

blue to violet

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20
Q

primary structure of protein

A

the sequence of amino acids

21
Q

secondary structure of protein

A

hydrogen bonds form between folded peptide forming alpha helix and beta pleated sheets

22
Q

amorphous regions

A

within secondary structure still within a chain no shape

23
Q

tertiary protein structure

A

precise threodimensionl structure with hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, disulphite bonds, van Der woals forces

24
Q

what bonds are broken by tempreture

A

van der waal’s, hydrogen

25
Q

what bonds are broken by reducing agents

A

disulphide

26
Q

what are iconic bonds broken by

A

change in PH

27
Q

Quaterny structure

A

multiple polypeptides joined in one protein

28
Q

variables effecting enzyme activity

A

enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, ph, temperature

29
Q

what do enzymes do

A

lower the activation energy

30
Q

substrates have a complementary shape to what

A

the active site

31
Q

lock and key model

A

proposed that the enzyme and substrate fit together perfectly

32
Q

induced fit model

A

when an enzyme and substrate come together there interaction causes a small shift in the enzymes structure

33
Q

competitive inhibitors

A

chemicals that slow down the rate or stop the reaction

34
Q

non- competitive inhibitors

A

binds to somewhere else on the enzyme

35
Q

allostretic site

A

place where non competitive inhibitor binds too

36
Q

intraspecefic competition

A

when individuals of the same species compete for resources

37
Q

interspecific competition

A

when individuals of different species compete for resources

38
Q

random sampling

A

compare two areas

39
Q

transect sampling

A

looking for change in organisms over a certain distance

40
Q

capture mark recapture equation

A

total on first X total on second / recaptured on second

54
Q

Gene

A

A section of dna that contains coded information for making proteins & RNA

55
Q

Degenerate

A

Most amino acids are coded for by more than one triplet

56
Q

Non overlapping

A

Each base in the sequence is only read once

57
Q

Universal

A

Each triplet codes for the same amino acid in all organisms

58
Q

MRNA

A

single helix strand

RNA qualities

59
Q

TRNA

A

Single stranded chain folded into a clover shape anticodon loop held together by hydrogen bonds between specific base pairs

Has anticodon and amino acid binding site

60
Q

Pre- mRNA

A

Contains introns which need to be removed

61
Q

Deletion or addition mutation

A

Lead to frame shift will effect polypeptide

62
Q

Substitution

A

May or may not affect the polypeptide but only effects one amino acid

revision cat (1 decks)

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