Succession and Disturbance

Question 1

Succession

Answer 1

the change in species composition in communities over time resulting from both biotic and abiotic

Question 2

Superorganism Hypothesis

Answer 2

plant communities are groups of species working together toward some deterministic end

Question 3

Individualist Hypothesis

Answer 3

communites are the result of fluctuating envionmental conditions acting on indidviual species

Question 4

Primary Succession

Answer 4

Occurs when bare land is settled for the first time by living organisms
Ex. bare rock, shifting sand dunes, cooled lava, retreating glaciers

Question 5

Secondary Succession

Answer 5

Occurs in an area where life existed earlier by many speices destroyed
Ex. abdandoned farmland, burnt/cutover forest, windstorm, insect outbreak

Question 6

Pioneer Species

Answer 6

First to colonize
Hardy, small, short, wind,asexual,intolernent of shade, replaced

Question 7

Late successional species

Answer 7

after pioneer
fewer,larger,longer,animal.sexual, toolerent of shade,not replaced

Question 8

Facilitate

Answer 8

the colonization for subsequent species
(most often occurring model) by making the habitat
MORE suitable (e.g., fix nitrogen)

Question 9

Inhibit

Answer 9

the colonization for subsequent species by
making the habitat LESS suitable (e.g., casts too
much shade)

Question 10

Tolerate

Answer 10

the colonization of subsequent species but
have NO IMPACT on their establishment

Question 11

Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis

Answer 11

Suggests that species richness and diversity at the
local scale peaks at intermediate

Question 12

Human Impacts on Disturbance can INCREASE

Answer 12

the frequency, magnitude, and intensity
of disturbance (e.g., farming

Question 13

Human Impacts on Disturbance, DECREASE

Answer 13

the frequency, magnitude, and intensity
of disturbance (e.g., fire suppression)

Question 14

Succesion can be defined as the species composition in communities

Answer 14

As they change over time

Question 15

An example of a biotic disturbance would include a(n)

Answer 15

Insect infestation

Question 16

Humans have an effect on disturbances by

Answer 16

Increasing their frequency(farming) and Suppressing their frequency(fire suppression)

Question 17

Successional studies are useful because

Answer 17

longer term changes can be witnessed over shorter periods of observation

Question 18

Clements believe that secession was the result of

Answer 18

groups of species acting together and Gleason suggested it was driven by groups of species acting individually

Question 19

Primary succession is when an area is colonized for the first time

Answer 19

while secondary succession is when an area is colonized with soil intact

Question 20

Nitrigen Fixing species would be an example of which mechanism of succession?

Answer 20

Facilitation

Question 21

Traditionally a climax community is

Answer 21

one that is in a final stage of succession,stable and changes in small ways