Succession Flashcards
Succession is…
the long term change in the composition of a community
succession occurring on a previously ________ substrate is called a _______.
uncolonized
primary succession
Secondary succession occurs…
in places where a previous community has been destroyed (eg after forest fires)
which one is faster? primary or secondary succession
why?
secondary
the presence of soil and a seed bank
Succession happens when…
species change the habitat they have colonized and make it more suitable for new species.
example of succession
lichens and mosses are typical pioneer species
the final stage of succession is the…
climax community
What are the changes during succession?
The biomass ____ because of the increasing amount of _______.
When the system approaches its ______, the ____ of increase in _____ of the plants is ________ by its own ______. The system comes into ________ and reaches peak ______ at channeling the energy of the sun into the _______ of the community.
Increases Increases Net product productivity Climax Rate Net product productivity Consumed Heterotrophs Equilibrium Efficiency Food webs
What are the seral stages
Primary sere -> Secondary sere -> … -> nth sere -> Climax
In the early stages of succession, ________ is low due to the initial conditions and __________ of producers.
Gross productivity
Low density
The proportion of energy lost through __________ is relatively ____, so net productivity is ______.
Community respiration
Low
High
As succession progresses, _____ become better _____ and more _______ and can support a greater diversity of _______.
Soils
Structured
Fertile
Producers
What stabilize an ecosystem as it reaches climax population?
Gross primary productivity
Net primary productivity
Diversity
Interrupted succession is known as
Plagioclimax
What are the features of a climax community
- Greater biomasss
- Higher levels of species diversity
- More favorable soil conditions
- Better soil structure
- Taller and long-living plant species
- greater habitat diversity
In the early stages of succession ______ is low as the proportion of ____ lost through community ______ is also low.
Gross productivity
Energy
Respiration
In the early stages of succession ________ is high as the system is ____ and _____ is ________.
Net productivity
Growing
Biomass
Accumulating
In the later stages of succession ________ is high whilst ______ reaches ____ and the __________ approaches 1.
Gross productivity
net productivity
Zero
Production:respiration
When p:r is greater than 1…
Biomass accumulates
When p:r is less than 1…
Biomass reduces
When p:r = 1
A community in steady state equilibrium results
A climax community is a community of _______ that is more or less _____ and is in ______ with natural _______ conditions such as _______.
Organisms Stable Equilibrium environmental Climate
zonation is the
arrangement or patterning of plant communities and or ecosystems into bands in response to change
Examples of ecological succession
- successive communities displace each other through competition
- changes in organisms = changes in abiotic environment (soil, microclimate)
