succession

Question 1

list the 3 main stages of succession

Answer 1

1. pioneer species/community
2. INTERMEDIATE COMMUNITY
3. climax community

Question 2

give examples of when primary succession may occur

Answer 2

-volcanoes errupting (lava solidifies)
-sand deposited by wind/water
-silt/mud deposited by river esturaries
-glaciers restreating

Question 3

what comes after pioneer community and before climax community?

Answer 3

INTERMEDIATE COMMUNITY

Question 4

give 4 adaptations of pioneer species that enable them to colonise barren land

Answer 4

• seeds germinate rapidly
  -able to photosynthesise
  -secrete acids to erode rock + release mineral ions
  -tolerant to extreme environments

Question 5

give 3 e.g. hostile environments + what causes them

Answer 5

-limited water (no soil to retain it)
- limited mineral ions (no soil)
- high light intensity/wind/fluctuating temps (directly exposed to sun + elements)

Question 6

why is animal succession slower than plant succession?

Answer 6

takes time for animals to migrate from neighbouring areas

Question 7

give 3 examples of how agriculture is disrupting succession

Answer 7

• animals grazing/trampling vegetation
  -removing existing crops to plant specific crops
  -burning to clear land

Question 8

name the type of succession meaning human activities are disrupting succession

Answer 8

deflected succession

Question 9

give the name of the climax community reached when succession is halted artificially by human activities

Answer 9

PLAGIOCLIMAX