Success of the New Deal

Question 1

In what year did Roosevelt cut back spending on the New Deal?

Answer 1

1937

Question 2

What happened when New Deal spending was cut?

Answer 2

Unemployment rose (10.5 million in 1938)

Question 3

In 1938 the Republicans won more seats in Congress. Why was this difficult for Roosevelt and the New Deal?

Answer 3

He couldn’t pass laws easily through Congress

Question 4

What was the ‘cash and carry’ plan of November 1939?

Answer 4

GB and France would buy goods and weapons from America for the war if they collected them in their own ships.

Question 5

When was the ‘Lend-Lease’ scheme introduced?

Answer 5

March 1941

Question 6

What was the ‘Lend-Lease’ scheme?

Answer 6

GB could obtain materials from America without cash payment (boosted US production)

Question 7

In 1941 there were 1.6 million men in the US army. How many were in it by 1945?

Answer 7

12 million

Question 8

What happened to the Gross National Product (goods produced in that country) between 1938 and 1944?

Answer 8

It doubled

Question 9

How many were unemployed in 1941?

Answer 9

6 million

Question 10

With the war effort how many people migrated from the southern states to the north to work in industries?

Answer 10

1.6 million

Question 11

Give two ways the New Deal helped a new society.

Answer 11

• people had faith in government
• New Deal was a huge social and economic programme, never done before, it showed government could help people in the future

Question 12

Give two ways the New Deal didn’t help a new society

Answer 12

• divided the American public (Roosevelt accused of being a communist and Ickes and Hopkins accused of being anti business)
• undermined local government (state)

Question 13

Give two ways industrial workers were helped by the New Deal and Roosevelt?

Answer 13

• helped labour unions against big employers

- helped unions and made corporations negotiate with them

Question 14

Give two ways industrial workers situation was not improved by the New Deal and Roosevelt?

Answer 14

• unions still treated with suspicion by employers (violence still used to break up strikes)
• big business still very powerful in USA

Question 15

Give at least two ways in which the New Deal helped with unemployment and the economy?

Answer 15

• created millions of jobs
• Stabilised banking system in USA
• agencies such as the TVA, CCC and PWA improved the standard of living,gave jobs, helped the environment (dams, forests, national parks) and built schools, hospitals, roads etc

Question 16

Give at least two ways in which the New Deal didn’t help improve unemployment and the economy.

Answer 16

• 6 million unemployed in 1941 (only WW2 ended unemployment)
• ND never solved underlying economic problems
• US economy took longer to recover than most European countries
• confidence in economy still low in 1930s ( people only invested about 75% of what they had done before 1929)

Question 17

How did the New Deal help African Americans?

Answer 17

• Approx 200,000 African Americans were helped by CCC and other agencies
• many benefitted from New Deal slum clearance Andy housing programmes

Question 18

How did African Americans not help African Americans?

Answer 18

• many New Deal agencies discriminated against Africans Americans (e.g. Lower wages)
• Roosevelt failed to pass laws against lynching of African Americans (feared he would lose the uspport of Democratic senators in the south)

Question 19

How did the New Deal help women?

Answer 19

New Deal gave some women big roles (e.g. Eleanor Roosevelt became a campaigner for social issues)

Question 20

How did the New Deal not help women?

Answer 20

Mainly aimed at male manual workers rather than women (e.g. Only 8,000 women involved in CCC )

Question 21

Give two ways the New Deal helped Native Americans?

Answer 21

Indian Reorganisation Act 1934:-

• gave money to help buy and improve land
• helped Native American preserve and practise their traditions, laws and culture

Question 22

Name a way in which the New Deal didn’t help Native Americans?

Answer 22

Native Americans remained a poor and excluded section of society

Question 23

What evidence is there that Roosevelt was still a popular President in 1940?

Answer 23

Elected with a big majority again by the American people