subtest 1 Flashcards
Erik Erikson’s theory
individuals experience internal conflicts at various stages in life, and interaction with others in the environment leads to the resolution of those conflicts (often called “crises”).
Vygotsky’s theory
children’s thought structures develop through interaction with individuals in their environments, informed by the culture in which they live
social interactions to learning.
zone of proximal development= distance between two levels of cognitive development
Sigmond Freud
qualitative changes in children’s thought processes from infancy through adolescence
Albert Bandura
Children learn through watching others indirectly. It is important to integrate social interactions in learning.
Jerome Bruner
interacting with the child’s environment. Children actively construct their learning, knowledge, and realities
John Dewey
Learning by doing
Lawrence Kohlberg
moral development is continuous through life
blooms taxonomy
a hierarchical model that categorizes learning objectives into varying levels of complexity
Delayed development is how many deviations below?
2
2-6 months - what is typical for this age
can hold their heads up
start pushing themselves up from stomach laying
limb movements are becoming smother
3-5 years - what is typical
show affection for others
show concern
understand the meaning of his, her, ms, mr
imitate adults
prefer playing with others tp playing alone
how do you know if a child is cognitively ahead
the child will likely become frustrated when they can conceive of many things mentally but not execute them physically
Classical conditioning
formerly neutral stimulus becomes associated with a stimulus that naturally or reflexively evokes a behavior or feeling.
IE: Lights flickering - gets students’ attention
Operant conditioning
occurs when a particular behavior is either reinforced (leading to recurrence of the behavior) or punished (leading to the extinction of the behavior)
IE: Working hard for good grades
social learning theory
proposes that students learn by observing appropriate behavior performed by models
