substitution reaction

Question 1

3 stages of synthesis of chloromethane

Answer 1

initiation
propagation
termination

Question 2

what happens at initiation

Answer 2

radicals are produced
sunlight provides energy to break Cl-Cl bonds- called photodissociation

forms 2 new free radicals

Question 3

what happens at propagation

Answer 3

radicals are used up and created in a chain reaction.

the free radicals attack CH4 , inducing a CH3 free radicals which goes on to react with a CL2

Question 4

termination

Answer 4

radicals are mopped up.

if two radicals join together, they form a stable molecule-terminating the chain reaction

Question 5

what is a nucleophile

Answer 5

a species which seeks out negative centres and donates a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond

Question 6

what is an electrophile

Answer 6

a species which seeks out negative centres to accept a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond