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Fundamentals Of Chemistry > Substances And Reactions > Flashcards

Substances And Reactions Flashcards

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0
Q

Solids

A
  • holds shape
  • Fixed volume

(Has shape and volume)

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1
Q

Methods of classifying substances

A
  • solids, liquids, and gases
  • elements, mixtures, and compounds
  • metals, non-metals, and semi-metals
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2
Q

Liquids

A
  • shape of container
  • free surface
  • fixed volume
  • has volume but adopt shape of container
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3
Q

Gases

A
  • Shape of container
  • Volume of Container
  • occupies the shape and volume of container
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4
Q

How do substances change their state?

A
  • matter, solid, and gases exist because each has a different balance of kinetic and potential energy. When energy is added or removed, it changes state
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5
Q

What is matter composed of? Be specific.

A 
Matter is composed of particles.
- atoms
- ions
- molecules
(Pneumonic: particles have good AIM)
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6
Q

Interatomic Forces

A

How particles attract each other

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7
Q

What does the state of matter depend on?

A

Balance between:

  • kinetics energy of particles (tending to separate)
  • attraction between particles (tending to pull together)
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8
Q

Element

A
  • Pure Substance
  • Contains only one atom
  • represented by symbols on period table
  • can be classified as metals, non metals, and semi-metal (metalloids
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9
Q

Metalloid

A

Otherwise known as a semi-metal

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10
Q

Metals

A
  • shiny appearance
  • good conductors of heat and electricity
  • ductile
  • malleable
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11
Q

Ductile

A

Metals that can be drawn into wires

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12
Q

Malleable

A

Metals that can be hammered into different shapes

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13
Q

Non-metals

A
  • dull appearance
  • poor conductors of heat and electricity
  • brittle
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14
Q

Compound

A
  • Pure substance made of two or more elements
  • Combined in fixed proportion
  • Has more than one atom
  • can only be broken down by chemical means
  • may contain ions or molecules
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15
Q

Ions

A
  • Particle of an atom carrying a charge
  • Axions or Cations
  • Formed when metals loses electrons and non-metals gain those electrons
16
Q

Mixture

A
  • contains two or more substances (could be molecules or compounds)
  • can be separated by physical means
17
Q

Physical Separtion

A
  • the separation of a mixture using a change of energy
  • ie: sea water has NaCl. By applying heat to the waters boiling point, the water separates from the salt by evaporating and the heavier NaCl remains at the bottom
18
Q

Physical Change

A
  • A substance may change shapes or state, but remains the same substance.
  • ie: when heated to boiling point, water may become steam; however, it is still water
19
Q

Chemical Change

A
  • Involves changing one or more substances into different

- compounds might decompose into its elements, or into new compounds

20
Q

Decompose

A

Compound breaking apart into its elements

21
Q

Composition of Substances

A

Composed of Atoms, ions, and Molecules

22
Q

Atom

A
  • smallest part of an element that behaves like a bulk sample of said element
  • 10 to the -10 in diameter
23
Q

Molecule

A
  • A group of atoms bound together so they behave as a single particle
  • The smallest particle of a compound that behaves like a bulk sample of said compound
  • a few elements existing as individual atoms (such as helium, neon, argon
  • Can be diatomic or polyatomic
  • Compounds formed between atoms of different non-metals (ie: Carbon dioxide- CO2; aspirin - C9H8HO4)
24
Q

Diatomic

A

Molecules consisting of just two atoms

25
Q

Polyatomic

A

Molecules consisting of many atoms

26
Q

Giant Molecules

A
  • Many elements existing as giant 3D arrangement of atoms.

- ie: metals, carbon (as diamond or graphite)

27
Q

Small Molecules

A
  • composed of only a few atoms

- i.e.: hydrogen, oxygen

40
Q

Breakdown of a mixture

A

Mixture –> Compound –> Molecule –> Atoms –> *Ions

  • A mixture is a MIX of compounds
  • A compound is a group of molecules
  • A molecule is a group of atoms
  • An atom is made of protons/electrons
  • *Ions are molecules or atoms that have lost or gained electrons
41
Q

Cations

A

Ions with a positive charge

42
Q

Anions

A

Ions with a negative charge

43
Q

Common Cations

A

Formula

Al⬆️3+

44
Q

Ionic compound

A
  • The electrostatic attraction between positive and negative charges bring particles together, creating a bond
  • A metal to non-metal reaction

Fundamentals Of Chemistry (2 decks)

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