Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

WJEC GCSE Chemistry 1 > Substances And Chemical Reactions > Flashcards

Substances And Chemical Reactions Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
GCSE Geography - AQA flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route B flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route B flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

How can each element also be written?

A

As a unique chemical symbol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an element made up of?

A

Atoms (all of the same type)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is at the centre of every atom?

A

A nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What charge does a nucleus have?

A

Positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What particles are found in the nucleus?

A

Protons

Neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What charge do protons have?

A

Positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What charge do neutrons have?

A

Neutral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What particles surround the nucleus?

A

Electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What charge do electrons have?

A

Negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why does the electrons surround the nucleus?

A

They are attracted to it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why are electrons attracted to the nucleus?

A

Positive (protons in the nucleus) attracts negative (electrons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does every atom of a particular element have the sam number of?

A

Protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is the number of protons indicated on a periodic table?

A

The atomic number (the smaller number at the bottom of the symbol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

If the number of protons of an element is always the same, what else can be said?

A

The atomic number is always the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the atomic number of hydrogen (this can be looked up in the periodic table)?

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the atomic number of lithium (this can be looked up in the periodic table)?

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the atomic number of chlorine (this can be looked up in the periodic table)?

A

17

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How is the mass of an atom recorded?

A

Relative atomic mass (a unit-less measurement)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What mass does a proton have?

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What mass does an electron have?

A

Negligible (it is so small we don’t count it)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What mass does a neutron have?

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Essentially what is relative atomic mass?

A

Essentially the number of protons + number of neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How can the number of neutrons be worked out from an atoms relative atomic mass?

A

Take the atomic number (number of protons) away from the relative atomic mass

i.e. (protons + neutrons - protons = neutrons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What chemists sorted all of the known elements into?

A

The Periodic Table

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What do all chemicals have as a short hand for writing them?

A

Symbols (for elements) or formulae (for molecules)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How many letters does a chemical symbol have?

A

1 or 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Are all chemical symbols obviously related to the name of the element which they represent?

A

No!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the chemical symbol for lead?

A

Pb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the chemical symbol for mercury ?

A

Hg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the chemical symbol for tin?

A

Sn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the chemical symbol for potassium?

A

K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What does a molecules consist of?

A

More than one atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

If a molecule has more than one element what is it called?

A

Compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

If a molecule consists of atoms of only one element what is it called?

A

Still an element!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What common element naturally occurs as a molecule?

A

Oxygen!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the formula for oxygen found in the air?

A

O₂

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

In a molecules formula, what do the subscript (little numbers) indicate?

A

The number atoms of the element that it follows are present in the molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the formula of nitric acid?

A

HNO₃

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

How many hydrogen atoms are in HNO₃?

A

1

40
Q

How many nitrogen atoms are in HNO₃?

A

1

41
Q

How many oxygen atoms are in HNO₃?

A

3

42
Q

How many zinc atoms are in ZnSO₄?

A

1

43
Q

How many sulphur atoms are in ZnSO₄?

A

1

44
Q

How many oxygen atoms are in ZnSO₄?

A

4

45
Q

What is a compound?

A

A substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined

46
Q

Although compounds often have common names (e.g water) what can be used to tell you their true nature?

A

Chemical formula

47
Q

What is the chemical formula of water?

A

H₂O

48
Q

What other compound is a product of aerobic respiration (other than water)?

A

Carbon dioxide

49
Q

What is the chemical formula of carbon dioxide?

A

CO₂

50
Q

What does a molecules formula tell you about the compound?

A

The elements that me it up

The ratio of the elements

51
Q

What are the two types of compounds?

A

Ionic compounds

Covalent compounds

52
Q

What are ionic compounds made up of?

A

Electrically charged particles known as ions

53
Q

What are ions?

A

Atoms that have lost/gained electrons

54
Q

What ions make up common salt?

A

Sodium ions and chloride ions

55
Q

What is common salt also known as?

A

Sodium chloride

56
Q

When drawing a diagram of a compound what is it important to do?

A

Label the atoms or make a key

57
Q

When metals react with non-metals what sort of compounds are formed?

A

Ionic compounds

58
Q

How are ions formed?

A

When atoms transfer (lose or gain) electrons

59
Q

What do metals prefer to do when forming ions?

A

Lose electrons

60
Q

What does the loss of electrons mean in metal ions?

A

They are positively charged overall

61
Q

Why are ions with lost electrons positively charged?

A

Because there are now more protons than electrons

62
Q

What do non-metals prefer to do when forming ions?

A

Gain electrons

63
Q

What does the gaining of electrons mean for non-metal ions?

A

They are negatively charged?

64
Q

Why are ions with extra electrons negatively charged?

A

Because there are now more electrons than protons

65
Q

What does the reaction of a metal ion and a non-metal ion create?

A

A compound called a salt

66
Q

What are metal ions called?

A

The same as their atom e.g. sodium becomes a sodium ion

67
Q

What are non-metal ions called?

A

Slightly different names e.g. oxygen becomes oxide, chlorine becomes chloride etc.

68
Q

When metal ions and non-metal ions form compounds what happens to the overall charge?

A

The charges cancel each other out so that the compound is neutral.

i.e. the ions are present in a ratio that allows their charges to cancel out

69
Q

How can ions be written?

A

As their symbol/formula with the charge in superscript (little number and +/- symbol above the letters) e.g. Ca²⁺ or Cl⁻

70
Q

What is the symbol and charge of a lithium ion?

A

Li⁺ (+1 positive charge)

71
Q

What is the symbol and charge of a sodium ion?

A

Na⁺ (+1 positive charge)

72
Q

What is the symbol and charge of potassium ion?

A

K⁺ (+1 positive charge)

73
Q

What is the symbol and charge of a magnesium ion?

A

Mg²⁺ (+2 positive charge)

74
Q

What is the symbol and charge of a calcium ion?

A

Ca²⁺ (+2 positive charge)

75
Q

What is the symbol and charge of an oxide ion?

A

O²⁻ (-2 negative charge)

76
Q

What is the symbol and charge of a fluoride ion?

A

Fl⁻ (-1 negative charge)

77
Q

What is the symbol and charge of a chloride ion?

A

Cl⁻ (-1 negative charge)

78
Q

What is the symbol and charge of a bromide ion?

A

Br⁻ (-1 negative charge)

79
Q

What is the symbol and charge of an iodide ion?

A

I⁻ (-1 negative charge)

80
Q

Remembering that ion charges must cancel each other out when forming an ionic compound, what ratio must sodium and chloride ions be present in sodium chloride and what is the formula?

A

1:1

NaCl

81
Q

Remembering that ion charges must cancel each other out when forming an ionic compound, what ratio must calcium and chloride ions be present in calcium chloride and what is the formula?

A

1:2

CaCl₂

82
Q

Can ions consist of more than one element?

A

Yes! Some ions are molecular ions (e.g. carbonate or CO₃²⁻)

83
Q

Do you need to know all of the ions and their charges?

A

No, some of the more complex ones are at the back of the exam paper, but be aware of the common ones (e.g. ions from groups 1, 2, 6, 7 of the periodic table and carbonate)

84
Q

What charge do ions from group 1 of the periodic table have?

A

+1

85
Q

What charge do ions from group 2 of the periodic table have?

A

+2

86
Q

What charge do ions from group 6 of the periodic table have?

A

-2

87
Q

What charge do ions from group 7 of the periodic table have?

A

-1

88
Q

What charge does carbonate have?

A

-2

89
Q

If an ionic compound has a formula with more than one of the same molecular ion present how can it be written?

A

With the formula for the molecular ion in brackets and the number of the ions in subscript after the brackets

e.g. Ca(OH)₂

It’s best to practice making compounds on paper by writing out the formula and ensuring that the charges balance to really get the hang of how to write these kinds of formulae, don’t worry if it’s tricky at first

90
Q

What are the two types of particle found in an atomic nucleus?

A

Proton and neutron

91
Q

The element cobalt has 27 protons and 32 neutrons, what is its atomic number?

A

27

92
Q

The formula for sulphuric acid is H₂SO₄, how many atoms of hydrogen, sulphur and oxygen are in a molecule of sulphuric acid?

A

2 Hydrogen
1 Sulphur
4 Oxygen

93
Q

What type of substance forms positive ions?

A

Metals

94
Q

Using the ion tables on page 85 of the revision book, what is the formula of potassium hydroxide?

A

KOH

95
Q

Using the ion tables on page 85 of the revision book, what is the formula of sodium phosphate?

A

K₃PO₄

96
Q

Using the ion tables on page 85 of the revision book, what is the formula of magnesium oxide?

A

MgO

97
Q

Using the ion tables on page 85 of the revision book, what is the formula of calcium chloride?

A

CaCl₂

WJEC GCSE Chemistry 1 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions