Substance Use Disorders (14) Flashcards
Recognize diagnostic criteria for substance use disorders, and characteristics of substance misuse (2)
At least two symptoms within a 12-month period
Increased amounts of alcohol
Unsuccessful efforts to cut down
Craving
Tolerance
Withdrawal
Opioid Withdrawal and Detoxification Drugs
Clonidine
effective for?
does not?
-Opioid withdrawal
-Does not reduce cravings
Opioid Withdrawal and Detoxification Drugs
Buprenorphine
Relieves?
Low doses help?
-Relieves cravings without producing a “high”
-Low doses help discontinue opioid misuse without withdrawal symptoms
Methadone
used for?
For opioid addiction and maintenance treatment
Describe the actions, effects, and withdrawal symptoms of alcohol and opioids (4)
Mild alcohol withdrawal symptoms?
Elevated HR, Temp
Normal or slightly elevated systolic BP
Slight Diaphoresis
Central Nervous System:
Oriented, no confusion or hallucinations
Mild anxiety and restlessness
Restless sleep
Hand tremors (shakes), no convulsions
Gastrointestinal:
Impaired appetite
Nausea
Moderate Alcohol Withdrawal symptoms?
High systolic BP and temp
Visual and auditory hallucinations / illusions (mostly at night)
Heart rate: 100-120 BPM
Diaphoresis: Obvious
Intermittent confusion
Painful anxiety, motor restlessness
Insomnia, nightmares
Visible tremors, rare convulsions
Anorexia
Nausea and vomiting
SEVERE Alcohol Withdrawal symptoms?
Heart rate: 120-140 BPM
Elevated BP BOTH!
Elevated temperature
Diaphoresis: Marked (severe sweating)
Severe disorientation and confusion
Disturbing visual and auditory hallucinations
Misidentification of objects
Delusions related to hallucinations
Delirium Tremens (DTs): agitation, extreme restlessness, panic state
Loss of consciousness
Inability to sleep
Gross, uncontrollable tremors
Convulsions
Complete rejection of food and fluids
Medications to treat alcohol withdrawal:
Long acting? 2
Short acting? 1
Long-Acting Benzodiazepines:
Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
Diazepam
Short-Acting Benzodiazepine:
Lorazepam (Ativan)
Alcohol Use Disorder – medications (NOT FOR WITHDRAWAL) NAD
Naltrexone Hydrochloride
First-line treatment for alcohol dependence!!!!
Increases abstinence and reduces alcohol cravings
Does not prevent drinking but helps extend periods of sobriety
Alcohol Use Disorder – medications (NOT FOR WITHDRAWAL)
Acamprosate Calcium (Campral):
When can u use?
For use after abstinence begins, not while actively drinking
Can be used alongside other medications to support long-term recovery
Alcohol Use Disorder – medications (NOT FOR WITHDRAWAL)
Disulfiram (Antabuse)
Cant have what while on this?
NO ALCOHOL USE WHILE ON THIS
Only recommended when the patient is fully
aware of the potential side effects
Opioid Withdrawal Symptoms 3
Extremity Pain
Rhinorrhea
Dilated Pupils
Identify complications of chronic alcohol consumption, including etiology, assessment findings, and nursing interventions (3)
Wernicke encepathology
nutrient deficiency of:
Korsakoff Amnestic Syndrome involves?
Folic acid
Thiamine
B vitamins
Involves heart, vascular and nervous system.
Inability to form new memories or retrieve past memories
Attention deficits
Disorientation
Amnesia
Confabulation (filling in memory gaps with false info)
Wernicke Encephalopathy
(Thiamine Deficiency) Acute
Symptoms?
Confusion
Hypotension
Visual impairment
Unsteady gait
Coma
Identify screening tools (1)
CAGE Questions?
C: Have you ever felt the need to cut down on your drinking?
A: Have people annoyed you by criticizing your drinking?
G: Have you ever felt guilty about drinking?
E: Have you ever felt you needed a drink first thing in the morning to steady your nerves or to get rid of a hangover (eye- opener)?
