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EXAM 3 - Psych 405 > Substance Use and Related Disorders > Flashcards

Substance Use and Related Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

What are examples of 4 substance induced disorders?

A
  • Substance intoxication
  • Withdrawal
  • Substance-induced psychotic disorder
  • Substance-induced depressive disorder
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2
Q

What is the main feature of substance use disorders?

A

Cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms indicating that the individual continues using the substance despite significant substance-related disorders

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3
Q

What are five groups of criteria for substance use disorders?

A
  • Impaired control
  • Social impairment
  • Risky use
  • Tolerance
  • Withdrawal
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4
Q

Define tolerance

A

A need for markedly increased amounts of the substance in order to achieve intoxication and it goes up the more the person uses the substance

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5
Q

Define craving

A
  • Classical conditioning and associated with specific reward centers in the brain
  • Intense desire is heightened when the person is in the environment where the substance is used or obtained
  • Signal of intending relapse
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6
Q

What makes substance use disorder stand out from just casually using substances?

A
  • The person avoids social activities such as hobbies, family and withdraws due to interpersonal problems
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7
Q

What is an example of risky use and how some substance use disorders begin?

A

The person has diabetes and is told you need to stay away from alcohol and they still drink, they eat very sparingly but the excess sugar comes from their alcohol use

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8
Q

Define withdrawal

A
  • Characteristic withdrawal syndrome for the substance (e.g. the cravings and jitteriness experienced when one stops smoking)
  • Taking the same substance (or a closely related substance) to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms
  • Occurs within the blood/tissue
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9
Q

What is substance intoxication?

A

The development of a reversible substance-specific syndrome due to the recent ingestion of a substance

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10
Q

Can substance intoxication occur in individual’s with a substance use disorder?

A

Yes

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11
Q

Does substance intoxication apply to tobacco?

A

No

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12
Q

What are two main features of substance withdrawal?

A
  • The development of a substance-specific problematic behavioral change, with a physiological and cognitive symptoms, that is due to the cessation of, or reduction in, heavy and prolonged substance use
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13
Q

What percentage of females and males qualify for a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorder?

A

20% of males and 8% of females

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14
Q

What percentage of males and females regularly engage in binge drinking?

A

50% of males and 40% of females

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15
Q

What percentage of males and females regularly engage in binge drinking?

A

50% of males and 40% of females

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16
Q

What is Korsakoff’s Psychosis?

A

A severe memory disorder caused by Vitamin B deficiency associated with alcohol-dependency

17
Q

What is delirium tremens (DTs)?

A

A collection of symptoms (vivid hallucinations, terror, delirium) that result when a person is withdrawing from alcohol, this is a complication of chronic alcohol dependence

18
Q

What are two other types of long-term effects of alcohol use disorder?

A
  • Cirrhosis of the liver

- Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

19
Q

What does the impact of alcohol on CNS functioning depend on?

A

BAL (percentage of alcohol in the bloodstream)

20
Q

What are 3 short term effects of alcohol?

A
  1. Interacts with several neurotransmitters – stimulates GABA receptors, reduces tension
  2. Increases dopamine and serotonin – producing pleasurable effects
  3. Inhibits glutamate receptors – produces cognitive difficulties
21
Q

What are e-cigs?

A
  • Filled with liquid nicotine mixed with other chemicals and flavors
22
Q

What were vapes originally designed for?

A

To help adults stop smoking

23
Q

How do drugs of abuse have an effect on dopamine pathways?

A

They all target the brain’s pleasure center important for natural rewards such as food, music, art

24
Q

What effect does cocaine have on dopamine?

A

Dopamine increase is exaggerated and communication is altered

25
Q

What are short term effects of amphetamines and cocaine?

A
  • Increase heart rate and blood pressure
  • Suppression of appetite and decreased need for sleep
  • Induces a positive mood state temporarily
26
Q

What are long term consequences of amphetamines and cocaine?

A
  • can lead to the onset of psychosis
  • prolonged use linked to an increase in criminal and violent behavior
  • withdrawal can induce clinical depression

EXAM 3 - Psych 405 (4 decks)

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