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MENTAL HEALTH NURSING > Substance Use and Addictive Disorders > Flashcards

Substance Use and Addictive Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of misuse

A

The misuse of a substance or behaviour results in problems associated with its use.

  • lapses in memory
  • getting in trouble at home or school
  • spend more money
  • doing regrettable things
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2
Q

What is Abuse

A

Identifying abuse of a substance or behaviour is possible once the problems resulting from misuse becomes much more regular. For a period of at least one month

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3
Q

What is Dependency

A

At the dependency stage the person has lost the ability to choose to use or not use. The may experience physical or psychological withdrawal, cravings of the substance of abuse, and decreased physical, mental, and emotional health. The person now has a addiction

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4
Q

What is Addiction

A

the persistent, compulsive dependence on or use of a substance or behaviour despite the negative consequences and the increasing frequency of those consequences

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5
Q

What is Tolerance

A

is a physiological experience that occurs when a person’s reaction to a substance decreases with repeated administrations of the same dose.

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6
Q

What is Withdrawal

A

causes physiological changes as the blood and tissue concentrations of a drug decrease after heavy and prolonged use of a substance

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7
Q

What other phenomena are frequently encountered by those who abuse substances

A

flashbacks
synergistic effects
antagonistic effects

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8
Q

What are flashbacks

A

transitory recurrences of perceptual disturbance that can be caused by a person’s earlier hallucinogenic drug use but occur when the person in in a drug-free state

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9
Q

What are synergistic effects

A

synergy is the capacity of two or more drugs acting together to create a greater total effect that the sum of the effects if taken independently.

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10
Q

What are antagonistic effects

A

Drugs that are combined to weaken the effect of one of the drugs.
Ex.
- tranquilizers to aid sleep one may take excessive caffeine
-Cocaine users will often mix it with heroin to soften the letdown of cocaine

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11
Q

What is codependency

A

A cluster of behaviours and psychological characteristics of overdependence on meeting the needs of others.

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12
Q

Misuse

A

The use of a substance in a hazardous quantities or binge use behaviours

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13
Q

Addiction

A

Is a behavioural -type syndrome where an individual is preoccupied with a drug or substance and has an ongoing compulsion to continue its use despite negitive consequences

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14
Q

Alcoholics Anonymous

A

Is the prototype for all 12 step programs that were subsequently developed for many types of addiction. These programs offer the behavioural, cognitive, and dynamic structure needed by those in recovery

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15
Q

Alcohol withdrawal

A

Refers to the period of time after the drug of choice is no longer consumed. During this time the individual experiences significant symptoms that are the opposite to the effects of the drug that they were taking

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16
Q

Delirium Tremens

A

Is a psychotic condition typical of withdrawal in chronic alcoholics, involving tremors, hallucinations, anxiety, and disorientation

17
Q

Concurrent disorders

A

Is a relatively new term used to describe an individual who is addicted to a substance but also has an ongoing mental health condition. For example someone who has been diagnosed with an alcohol disorder but also diagnosed with bipolar

18
Q

Enabling

A

Refers to a state where an individual with their addictive actions

19
Q

Relapse

A

is considered a (normal?) part of recovery where an individual returns to addictive behaviours

20
Q

Steps in a assessment

A
  1. level of acute intoxication
  2. history and past substance use
  3. medical history
  4. psychiatric history
  5. psychological assessment
21
Q

Central Nervous System depressants

A

alcohol
benzodiazepines
barbiturates

22
Q

Signs of intoxication from CNS depressants

A 
Physical: slurred speech 
incoordination 
unsteady gait 
drowsiness 
decreased BP 
Psychosocial- Perseptual: 
Disinhibition of sexual or aggressive drives 
impaired judgement 
impaired social or occupational function 
impaired attention or memory 
Irritability
23
Q

Effects of CNS depressant overdose

A 
Cardiovascular or respiratory depression 
coma
shock
convulsions 
death
24
Q

Treatments for CNS depressant overdose

A

VS every 15 minutes
ECG and Lab values for shock
IV fluids may be administered
o2, intubations, or mechanical ventilation may be prescribed

25
Q

of drinks and effects of BAC’S

  1. 05%
  2. 10%
  3. 20%
  4. 30%
  5. 40%
  6. 50%
A
  1. 05%: 1-2 drinks, changes in mood & behaviour, impaired judgement
  2. 10%: 5-6 drinks, Clumsiness in voluntary motor activity
  3. 20%: 10-12 drinks, Depressed function of the enire motor area of the brain, causing staggering and ataxia, emotional lability
  4. 30%: 15-18: confusion, stupor
  5. 40%: 20-24, coma
  6. 50% 25-30, death due to respiratory depression
26
Q

Central Nervous System stimulants

A

amphetamines, cocaine, crack

27
Q

Effects of CNS stimulants

A 
Tachycardia 
Dilated pupils, 
elevated BP 
nausea vomiting 
Agitation and aggression 
grandiosity 
impaired judgement 
insomnia 
euphoria
28
Q

Effects of CNS stimulant overdose

A 
Respiratory distress 
ataxia 
hyperpyrexia 
convulsions 
MI 
death
29
Q

Opioids

A 
Opium 
morphine
heroin 
codeine 
fentanyl 
methadone
30
Q

Opioid intoxication

A 
constricted pupils 
decreased respiration 
drowsiness 
decreased BP 
slurred speech
31
Q

Inhalants

A

organic solvents: gases, lighter fluid, paint thinner, chloroform, acetone
Volatile nitrites: room deodorizers
Anaesthetics: gas, liquid

32
Q

Organic solvent intoxication

A

euphoria, impaired judgement , slurred speech, flushing, CNS depression

33
Q

Volatile nitrites intoxication

A

Enhancement of sexual pleasure

34
Q

Anaesthetics intoxication

A

giggling, laughter, euphoria

35
Q

What agent is used for opioid addiction, and sometimes the treatment of alcoholism

A

Naltrexone (ReVia)

MENTAL HEALTH NURSING (1 decks)

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