Substance use Flashcards
What is tobacco substance use?
Chronic relapsing brain disorder characterised by neurobiological changes that lead to a compulsion to take tobacco with loss of control over the activity
Tobacco substance use increases the risk of which major conditions?
CHD Lung cancer Lung disease e.g. COPD Stroke T2DM Rheumatoid arthritis Cataracts
List 6 consequences of Tobacco substance use during pregnancy?
Preterm (early) delivery Stillbirth Low birth weight Sudden infant death syndrome Ectopic preg Orofacial clefts in infants
How does Tobacco substance use affect the health of the teeth and gums?
Tooth loss
What investigations can be used to evaluate nicotine dependence?
Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND)
How is Tobacco substance use diagnosed?
Clinically
What is the preferred treatment for those smoking less than 10 cigarettes per day?
As-needed form of nicotine replacement (gum, lozenge, inhaler, nasal spray)
What drugs can be used to aid smoking cessation?
Nicotine patch
Bupropion (attenuates effects of withdrawal)
What can the “time to first cigarette” question measure?
<30 mins or >30mins
Guides dosing of nicotine gum + lozenge
Indicate which pts may have more problems with nicotine dependence
What is the prognosis for tobacco substance use?
High rate of relapse
High morbidity + mortality
Describe the mechanism of nicotine
Stimulates nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia, causes sympathetic + parasympathetic stimulation
List 5 signs and symptoms of nicotine
Euphoria Tachycardia, mild HTN, weight loss Restlessness, anxiety Increased GI motility Insomnia
List 5 signs and symptoms of nicotine withdrawal
Irritability, frustration, anger, restlessness, anxiety Dysphoria, depressed mood Insomnia Impaired concentration Increased appetite, weight gain
