Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Flashcards
substance addiction
physical and psychological dependence
interferes with life and role obligations
intense cravings, social isolation
substance intoxication
disruption in functioning following excessive use of a substance
substance withdrawal
symptoms occurring upon abrupt reduction or discontinuation; disrupts functioning
predisposing factors for substance abuse/addictive disorders
biological: genetics, hereditary, morphine-like effects
psychological: low self-esteem, depression, anxiety
sociocultural: parents, peers, conditioning, and cultures
Alcohol intoxication
slurred speech, incoordination, unsteady gait, disinhibition, decreased judgment and functioning, sexual/aggressive impulses.
100-200 mg/dL in blood (BAC limit is 80 mg/dL)
alcohol withdrawal
CIWA-Ar scale
tremors, N/V, insomnia, anxiety, sweating, depersonalization, irritability, sensitivity to light/sound, HA, hallucinations/illusions, seizures
sedative-hypnotic intoxication
CNS depression: slurred speech, incoordination, unsteady gait, stupor, coma
sedative-hypnotic withdrawal
autonomic hyperactivity (tachycardia and sweating), tremors, insomnia, N/V, hallucinations/illusions, anxiety, seizures, delirium
stimulant intoxication
increased or decreased vitals; N/V, euphoria, confusion, decreased judgment, diskinesia
caffeine intoxication
> 250 mg
restlessness, nervous, excited, insomnia, rambling, tachycardia
stimulant withdrawal
fatigue, depression, HA, nightmares, depression, sleep and psychomotor changes
caffeine and nicotine withdrawal
caffeine: HA, fatigue, flu-like symptoms
nicotine: irritability, insomnia, anxiety, bradycardia
inhalant intoxication
dizziness, ataxia, muscle weakness, euphoria, excitation, disinhibition; slurred speech, nystagmus, blurred/double vision, stupor, coma
inhalant withdrawal
VERY MILD and only after chronic long-term use
restlessness, N/V, rhinorrhea, decreased attention, mood changes
Opioid intoxication
euphoria -> apathy, dysphoria; decreased judgment; pupillary constriction, drowsiness, slurred speech, decreased memory and attention
SEVERE: pupillary dilation, respiratory depression, coma, death
Opioid withdrawal
COWS scale
dysphoria, N/V, muscle aches, lacrimation/rhinorrhea, pupillary dilation, piloerection, sweating; diarrhea, yawning, fever, insomnia
Hallucinogen intoxication
perceptual alteration; HTN, tachycardia, palpitations, sweating, tremors, incoordination
Cannabis intoxication
decreased motor coordination, euphoria, anxiety, sense of slowed time, impaired judgment; conjunctival injection (eye redness), increased appetitie, dry mouth, tachycardia
Cannabis withdrawal
irritability, anger, aggression; anxiety, sleep disturbances; decreased appetitie, depressed mood, restlessness; abdominal pain, tremors, sweating, fever, chills, HA
Nursing process: assessment
CAGE questionnaire (cut down, annoyed/criticism, guilt, eye opener)
SBIRT (screening, brief intervention, referral to treatment)
dual diagnosis
substance use disorder co-ocurring with other psychiatric disorder
family education
management of addiction
support services – financial, legal
AA (requires abstinence)
counseling, group therapy
codependency
family enables chemical dependent person, sacrificing own needs for fulfillment of others
Disulfram
Antabuse; deterrant for alcoholism. makes extremely sick if drink alcohol
