Substance Abuse Final Flashcards
Last month _________ Americans consumed an alcoholic beverage.
129 million
How many people are heavy drinkers?
16 million
How many people are heavy drinkers?
16 million
Worldwide every year ________ people consume alcohol.
2 billion
How many people die from alcohol use?
2 million
_______ of all US hospital admissions were due to alcohol.
25%-30%
The life span of the chronic heavy drinker is shortened by ____ years.
15
Between _____and ____of drinkers in the US progress to frequent, high-dose use (alcoholism).
10%
12%
How many more men than women have a major problem with alcohol?
two to three times
_______ involves a process where yeast eat sugar (carbohydrates) and excrete ethanol and carbon dioxide.
fermentation
Just _____% of drinkers consume _______% of all alcohol.
20
80
_______ involves a process where yeast eat sugar (carbohydrates) and excrete ethanol and carbon dioxide.
fermentation
Fermentation can result in no higher than _____% alcohol content.
15
Beer: barley, rice, corn will produce ____% ETOH
4-8
Wines: grapes- ______% ETOH
8-15
_____ is a process where a fermented mix is boiled, the precipitate collected and condensed.
distillation
Distillation is effective because the boiling point of ETOH is lower than _______.
water
Distillation can result in _____% ETOH
100
Fortified wine: grapes-______% ETOH
20
Distilled spirits-Average _____% ETOH
50
______ is distilled from fermented molasses.
Rum
_____ is distilled carbohydrates, and flavored with juniper berries during a second distillation.
Gin
_____ is distilled carbohydrates, and flavored with juniper berries during a second distillation.
Gin
_______ is corn with rye and malted (germinated) barley.
Bourbon
____ is distilled from almost any carbohydrate.
Vodka
_____ is distilled from any sugar containing fruit.
Brandy
______ are grains fermented, aged, distilled, then blended.
Whiskeys
_______ is corn with rye and malted (germinated) barley.
Bourbon
____ is malted barley and corn.
Scotch
_______ is corn and both malted and unmalted (ungerminated) barley.
Irish whiskey
_____ is rye and malted barley.
Rye
What are the six levels of alcohol use?
abstention experimentation social/recreation use habituation abuse addiction
______ is a combination of blood alcohol concentration, psychological mood, expectation, and drinking history.
Intoxication
The word “proof” originated from _______ where the proof of a beverage was whether it would ignite gunpowder (57% ETOH content).
England
_____ is the most commonly used convention for denoting ETOH content.
Proof
Alcohol is directly responsible for ______ deaths each year in the US.
130,000
From ______-_______% of alcohol is excreted directly through the urine and the lungs. The rest is metabolized by the liver and then excreted as carbon dioxide and water through the lungs and the kidneys.
2-10
The word “proof” originated from _______ where the proof of a beverage was whether it would ignite gunpowder (57% ETOH content).
England
What is SEC?
Standard Ethanol Content
Men are ______more likely as women to become ETOH dependant.
8 times
__________ are more likely to be abstainers.
African-Americans
One ____ equals half oz of ETOH
SEC
What states are the heaviest consumers of alcohol?
Alaska, DC, Nevada, New Hampshire, Wisconsin
_________ increases with age.
Abstinence
_______ are more likely to drink non-problematically.
Employed
Alcohol is directly responsible for ______ deaths each year in the US.
130,000
_______ is correlated with non-problematic drinking.
Education
over the centuries alcohol, a ___________, has been used as a reward, as food, as a medicine, as a sacrament, as a water substitute, as a social lubricant, as a source of taxes, and as a tranquilizer (to cover emotional and mental problems).
central nervous system depressant
_______ people are less likely to abstain, and more likely to drink heavily.
Divorced people
From ______-_______% of alcohol is excreted directly through the urine and the lungs. The rest is metabolized by the liver and then excreted as carbon dioxide and water through the lungs and the kidneys.
2-10
ETOH provides “_______” calories to the body.
empty
Drinking overall tends to ______ with age.
decrease
over the centuries alcohol, a ___________, has been used as a reward, as food, as a medicine, as a sacrament, as a water substitute, as a social lubricant, as a source of taxes, and as a tranquilizer (to cover emotional and mental problems).
central nervous system depressant
_______ is determined by taking total ETOH sold in the US and dividing by total population age 14 & older.
Per capita consumption
Men are ______more likely as women to become ETOH dependant.
8 times
What is the highest city alcohol consumption in US?
Washington DC
Drinking overall tends to ______ with age.
decrease
What are the states that are the lightest consumers of alcohol?
Kansas, Kentucky, Oklahoma, Utah, West Virginia
_________ increases with age.
Abstinence
Lower levels of ______ is correlated with either abstinence or heavy drinking.
Education
__________ are more likely to be abstainers.
African-Americans
