Substance Abuse Disorder Flashcards
Sensitization
increased response to a drug with repeated use, shifting the dose response to the left
Ex.) Cocaine induced movement, cataplexy, and seizures
Withdrawal
the physical and mental symptoms that a person has when they suddenly stop or cut back use of an addictive substance
Tolerance
a state of adaptation in which exposure to a drug induces changes that result in a decrease of one or more of the drug’s effects over time. Shifting the response curve to the right.
Addiction
a primary, chronic, neurobiological disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations
The 5 C’s of Addiction
Chronicity
impaired Control over drug use
Compulsive use
Continued use despite harm
Craving
Drug abuse
maladaptive pattern of substance use characterized by repeated adverse consequences related to repeated use of the substance
Dependence
Body adapts to presence of drug -> needs drug on board to maintain homeostasis
Opiate agonist
drugs that activate opiate receptors on neurons
Opiate antagonist
drugs that bind to opiate receptors and block them
Partial agonist
drugs that bind to opiate receptors but not to the same degree as full agonists
Creatinine normalization formula
= (Urine drug level / Urine Creatinine) x 100
Sedative hypnotics: Effect
decreased BP
memory impairment
drowsiness
confusion
anterograde amnesia
GI
urinary retention
slurred speech
poor coordination
bloodshot eyes
respiratory depression
Sedative hypnotics: withdrawal
anxiety
insomnia
restlessness
muscle tension
irritability
blurred vision
diaphoresis
nightmares
paranoia
hallucinations
seizures
psychosis
Benzodiazepine Overdose Treatment
supportive care
flumazenil 0.2mg/min up to 3 mg max
Barbiturate Overdose Treatment
supportive care
GHB: effects
amnesia
hypotonia
GHB: withdrawals
agitation
mental status changes
elevated BP & HR
GHB: toxicity
coma
seizures
respiratory depression
vomiting
GHB Overdose Treatment
supportive care
ventilation
O2 supplementation
fluids
thiamine
Opiates: effects
euphoria
dysphoria
apathy
slow reaction time
sedation
slurred speech
attention impairment
miosis (pin point pupils)
constipation
Opiates: withdrawal
(not fatal, not delirious)
lacrimation
rhinorrhea
mydriasis (dilated pupils
goosebumps
diaphoresis (sweating)
diarrhea
fever
insomnia
muscle ache/pain
Opiate Overdose Treatment
supportive care
Naloxone 0.4-2mg IV/IM/SQ q2-3min
- OR 2-4mg nasal spray q2-3min
Treatment for Opiate Withdrawal
Methadone
Buprenorphine
Clonidine
Lofexidine (lucemyra)
Opiate Maintenance Treatment
Methadone
Buprenorphine
Buprenorphine formulations
Subutex (Bup)
Suboxone (Bup/naloxone)
Zupsolv (Bup/Nal)
Bunavail (Bup/Nal)
Sublocade (Bup SQ)
Cocaine: effects
euphoria, grandiosity
loquacity
alertness
mydriasis
change BP/ tachycardia
paranoia
N/V
aggression
Toxicity: cardiac arrest, MI, stroke, seizure. hallucinations, nasal septum ulceration
Cocaine: withdrawal
depression
fatigue
nightmares
sleep disturbance
increased appetite
bradyarrhythmia
tremor
Cocaine Overdose Treatment
Supportive care
lorazepam
haldol
antiarrhythmic agents prn cardio complications
Amphetamines: effect
alert
decreased appetite
increased respiration
hyperthermia
irritability
insomnia
confusion
anxiety
paranoia/aggression
stroke, MI, arrhythmia
Meth mouth
Amphetamines: withdrawal
fatigue
depression
cognitive impairment
Amphetamine Overdose Treatment
supportive care
haldol
lorazepam
LSD: effects
mydriasis
increased temp, BP, HR
loss of appetite
sleeplessness
dry mouth
blurred vision
dizziness/weakness
hallucinations
sensory crossover
flashbacks
depersonalization
LSD Overdose Treatment
supportive care
lorazepam
haldol
Fetal alcohol syndrome
growth delays, learning, speech, behavior, craniofacial abnormalities
