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substance abuse Flashcards

1
Q

percentage of high school seniors that have reported using illicit drug at least once

A

half

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2
Q

percentage of high school seniors that have reported being drunk in last month

A

1/3

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3
Q

what is more common in high schoolers- single or multiple drug use?

A

multiple

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4
Q

most common substance of abuse in teens

A

alcohol

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5
Q

most common illicit drug used by young people

A

mj

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6
Q

which substance causes the most ED visits

A

MJ

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7
Q

typically drug screens can test for drug use in what time period?

A

48 hrs

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8
Q

is obtaining information from the school or law in teens considered appropriate?

A

yes

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9
Q

what is the next step after a positive drug screen?

A

confirm with gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy

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10
Q

immediate effects of inhalants (5) & how quickly do they take affect

A
  • decreased inhibition
  • drowsiness
  • lightheadedness
  • ataxia
  • disorientation

**EFFECTS WITHIN SECONDS
LAST 5-15 5minutes

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11
Q

PE findings of individual who took inhalants (3)

A
  • sluggish pupils
  • bradycardia
  • glue sniffer’s rash around the nose and mouth
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12
Q

affects of extreme intoxication with inhalants (7)

A
  • generalized muscle weakness
  • confusions
  • hallucinations
  • ataxia
  • delirium
  • nystagmus
  • can have a hangover
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13
Q

population that uses inhalants

A
  • low SES
  • hispanics
  • native americans
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14
Q

what are the repeated effects of using inhalants (10)

A
  • psychosis
  • dementia
  • bone marrow suppression
  • asphyxia
  • arrhythmia
  • aspiration
  • liver damage
  • kidney damage
  • encephalopathy
  • lead toxicity (gasoline)
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15
Q

what percentage of high school seniors have used MJ?

A

almost half!

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16
Q

what percentage of high school seniors use MJ daily?

A

5%

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17
Q

what are the psychological consequences of using MJ (5)

A
  • learning problems
  • deficits in problem solving skills
  • memory impairment (which may last up to 1 mo)
  • symptoms of UNDERLYING personality d/o, depression and anxiety can worsen
  • worsening school performance
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18
Q

acute effects of MJ

A

4Ds

  • dry mouth
  • dilated pupils
  • drowsiness
  • distortion of time
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19
Q

how do you monitor the discontinuation of marijuana use?

A

serial measurements of urine THC:creatinine

decreases as MJ is dced

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20
Q

vital sign changes with MJ use

A

tachycardia (lasting up to 3 h) and hypertension

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21
Q

chronic physiologic effects of MJ use (6)

A
  • compromised immune function
  • decreased sperm ct (reversible)
  • pulmonary complications from carcinogens
  • tachycardia and poor stamina
  • impaired coordination
  • gynecomastia
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22
Q

withdrawal effects of MJ (4)

A
  • irritability
  • insomnia
  • tremors
  • nystagmus
  • peaks at 4 days and can last for 2 weeks
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23
Q

how long can you test MJ for

A

a month
- drug is lipid soluble and is stored in fat tissue and released slowly
although effects begin within seconds and fall rapidly over 30 minutes

24
Q

what is the most common substance of abuse?

25
what percent of high school seniors report using alcohol at some point?
80%
26
glucose in alcohol intoxication?
hypoglycemia
27
GI complications of adolescents with chronic EtOH
esophagitis gastritis peptic ulcer disease
28
short term physiological signs of amphetamines (7)
- tachycardia - HTN - sweating - agitation - fever/hyperthermia - dilated pupils that react slow - insects crawling on skin
29
treatment of amphetamine/cocaine OD
gastric lavage and activated charcoal haloperidol for psychosis cooling blanket dialysis
30
how long can you test for stimulants in blood and urine
48h
31
pupils with cocaine
dilated
32
pupils with amphetamines
dilated and slow to react
33
findings with chronic cocaine use
choreoathetotic movement- d/t depletion of dopamine storage
34
organophosphate toxicity (5)
cholinergic! - constricted pupils - sweating - abdominal pain - wheezing - respiratory distress
35
what is propoxyphene
narcotic analgesic can p/w ventricular arrhythmias seizures pulm edema
36
pupils size with barbituates
normal but slow to react | also have nystagmus
37
signs of barbituate overdose
BARB HAS BRADY TWINS & HYPOTRIPLETS - bradycardia - bradypnea - hypotension - hypothermia - hypoactive BS normal pupil size that react slow
38
types of hallucinogens (6)
- mescaline (peyote) - psilocybin (mushrooms) - jimsonweed - LSD - PCP - ecstasy (amphetamine-derived)
39
what is the most potent hallucinogen
LSD
40
physiologic effects of hallucinogens
``` SYMPATHOMIMETIC -tachycardic -hypertension -hyperreflexia CHOLINERGIC -diaphoresis -flushing -miosis ```
41
pupils in PCP
mydriatic (dilated) + asymmetric | horizontal and vertical nystagmus
42
aggressive teen with tremulousness and dilated pupils
cocaine
43
aggressive teen with hallucinations, generalized muscle weakness, and nystagmus
inhalants | don't see nystagmus with amphetamines
44
combative teen with horizontal and vertical nystagmus
PCP
45
adverse affects of nicotine (other than addiction)
peptic ulcer dz
46
adverse effects of chewing tobacco
early fatigue in sports | tachycardia and vasoconstriction
47
name the intox: euphoria, time distortion, increased talking, auditory/visual enhancements antimotivational syndrome, psychomotor retardation, impaired executive fxning, impaired pulm fxn, increased sympathetic tone
marajuana
48
name the intox: central and peripheral NS stimulant, local anesthetic, potent vasoconstrictor, feelings of extreme pleasure, power, strength, increased alertness and confidence psychosis, hallucination, delirium, seizures, cerebral hemorrhage, hyperactive reflexes, tachycardia, dysrhythmias, CV collapse, MI
cocaine
49
name the intox: increased energy, euphoria, feelings of extreme pleasure, power, strength, increased alertness and confidence dental caries, delirium, psychosis, seizures, cerbral hemorrhage, tachycardia, dysrhythmias, MI
amphetamines
50
name the intox: stimulant effects, hallucinogenic, enhanced sense of wellbeing and introspection, intense feelings of love and affection, increased sense of energy water loading, sweating, hyperthermia, SIADH leading to hyponatremic dehydration, confusion, depression, fatigue, paranoia, seizures, tachycardia, HTN, hepatic damage
methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) | ecstasy
51
name the intox: analgesia, euphoria, pleasant floating feeling respiratory depression, sedation, apathy, delirium, stupor, decreased reflexes, hypothermia, hypotension, CV disease, constipation
opioids
52
name the intox: colorless and odorless anterograde and retrograde amnesia bradycardia, hypotension, respirator depression, hypothermia, ataxia, seizure, coma, confusion, sedation, hallucination
date raoe/rave rohypnol- flunitrazepam GHB- gamma hydroxybutryate ketamine
53
name the intox: euphoria, decreased inhibition, pleasant floating sensation, disinhibition, feelings of grandiosity/omnipotence perinasal and perioral rash, anorexia, vomiting, abdominal pain, HA, ataxia, dizziness, respiratory irritant, cardiopulmonary arrest, respiratory arrest
inhalants
54
name the intox: hallucination, out of body experience, delusion, disinhibition nystagmus, diaphoresis, flushing, HTN, muscle rigidity, brisk reflexes, seizures, arrhythmias, aggressive, agitated, combative behavior, extreme anxiety and psychosis, prolonged and fluctuating confusional state
hallucinogens ``` LSD PCP jimson weed morning glory seeds mescaline ```
55
name the intox: psychosis, mania, severe mood swings, violent behavior, HTN, ventricular remodeling, MI, HCC, increased LFTs, shortened stature, decreased HDL males have testicular atrophy, decreased libido, infertility females with male pattern hair loss, clitoromegaly, voice change
performance enhancing drugs exogenous testosterone androgenic steroids HCG

adolescent (2 decks)

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