Substance Abuse

Question 1

Percentage of neonates who will experience withdrawal after exposure to opioids

Answer 1

60-70%

Question 2

Methamphetamine is associated with an increased risk of which malformations?

Answer 2

Cardiac and cleft lip

Question 3

LSD is associated with an increased risk of which malformations?

Answer 3

Limb reduction defects, central nervous system anomalies, and neural tube defects

Question 4

Is maternal methadone associated with the incidence of neonatal withdrawal, or the length of treatment for withdrawal?

Answer 4

No

Question 5

Is methadone compatible with breastfeeding?

Answer 5

Yes. Women taking methadone should be encouraged to breast-feed; some of the benefits include improved mater- nal-infant bonding and favorable effects on NAS (56–59). It is not clear whether the favorable effects of breast-feeding on NAS are related to methadone in breast milk or the act of breast-feeding itself (60). The AAP lists methadone as com- patible with breast-feeding at any dose (55).

Question 6

Is buprenorphine compatible with breastfeeding?

Answer 6

Yes.

Question 7

Cocaine is associated with an increased risk of which malformations?

Answer 7

Genitourinary, cardiac, and limb reduction defects