Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psych Exam 2 > Substance Abuse > Flashcards

Substance Abuse Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Substance use disorder is _____? chronic or acute

A

chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Substance disorder progressive illness affects __-___% of Americans in lifetime

A

25-29% in lifetime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Unhealthy alcohol use is associated with elevated risks of medical problems such as:

A

Hypertension
GI bleeding
Sleep disorder
Major depression
Hemorrhagic stroke
Cirrhosis of liver
HIV acquisition
Several cancers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Men are able to metabolize alcohol faster because they have highly active forms of enzyme called ______?

Located where?

A

Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH) in stomach and liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

After one drink it will take you around ______ for the BAC to return to 0

A

2 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Even if you dont feel the effect of intoxication at ____%, your _______ time will be slowed and ______ will be affected to the extent that your driving will be impaired.

A

reaction; fine motor skills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Symptoms of alcohol overdose

A

mental confusion
difficulty remaining conscious
vomit
seizure
trouble breathing
slow heart rate
clammy skin
no gag reflex
low body temp
possible brain damage or death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Factors that play a role in what symptoms you will get with alcohol use

A

Age, sensitivity to alcohol (tolerance), gender, speed of drinking, medications you take , and amount of food eaten

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Overdose chances increase if the person is also using? 3 main things

A

Ambien
Benzos
Possibly OTC antihistamines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

According to NIAAA, approx.
__ out of __ adults in U.S. drink at levels that put them at risk for physical and mental health problems

A

3 out of 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define Binge drinking

A

large quantity of alcohol can overwhelm the body’s ability to break down and clear alcohol from the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Alcohol (low risk) quantity
< ___ drinks per week (males)
<____ drinks per week (females)

Amount for special occasions
> or equal to ___ per occasion (males)
> or equal to ___ per occasion (females)

A

< 14 drinks per week (males)
< 7 drinks per week (females)

> or equal to 5 per occasion (males)
or equal to 3 per occasion (females)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CAGE

what does it stand for?

A

Cut down
Annoyed
Guilty
Eye-opner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

CAGE Scoring

A

a total of 2 or more is considered clinically significant

however, the Consensus panel recommends that primary care clinicians lower the threshold to 1 to cast a wider net and identify more patients with substance abuse.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Questions to prescreen every NEW patient with 2 questions.

And the follow up if answer with a yes

A
  1. Do you sometimes drink beer, wine, or other alcoholic beverages?
  2. How many times in the past year have you used a prescription medication for nonmedical reasons or illegal drugs?

Follow up
1. How many times in the past year have you had 5 or more drinks in a day(men); four or more (women)?
2. How many times in the past year have you used illicit drugs or prescription drugs for nonmedical reasons?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Substance Abuse Disorder scoring

Mild substance use disorder:
Moderate substance use disorder:
Severe substance use disorder:

A

Mild substance use disorder: 2 or 3
Moderate substance use disorder: 4 or 5
Severe substance use disorder: 6 or more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

FRAMES is used when?

A

patient identifies that they are at risk or already have met criteria for abuse disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

FRAMES

A

Feedback is given to individual about personal risk and impairment
Responsibility for change is placed on the pt.
Advice to change is given by the provider
Menu of alternative self-help and treatment
Empathic style is used in counseling
Self-efficacy or optimistic empowerment is engendered in the pt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Potential menu of treatment options for patients with unhealthy alcohol or drug use

A

Cut down on the amount and/or frequency of drinking or subsance use
Quiet completely
Use online and mobile applicatoins based resources
Attend mutual help meetings
Addicition counseling
Seek clinical treatment
Enroll in a short term residental program
Enroll in an addition treatment program

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Regular cannabis use (esp among adolescents)

A

impairs short-term memory and performance in school

potential to impact psychiatric symp. and cognitive development

increase risk of psychosis and psychotic disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cannabis can be detected for ___ days or longer in the urine of daily smokers

approx ___ days in intermittent smokers

All other illicit drugs are cleared within ____ hours

A

30 days

7 days

72 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Withdrawal drug:
action:
withdrawal onset:
duration:
characteristic: increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, elevated temperature, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, seizures, delirium, death

A

Withdrawal drug: Alcohol
action: sedative
withdrawal onset: 24 - 48 hours
duration: 5-7 days
characteristic: increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, elevated temperature, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, seizures, delirium, death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Withdrawal drug:
action:
withdawal onset:
duration:
characteristic: insomnia or hypersomnia, increased appetite, depression, paranoia, decreased energy

A

Withdrawal drug: Cocaine
action: stimulant
withdrawal onset: hours of last use
duration: 3-4 days
characteristic: insomnia or hypersomnia, increased appetite, depression, paranoia, decreased energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Withdrawal drug:
action:
withdrawal onset:
duration:
characteristic: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, restlessness, muscle and bone pain, leg movement

A

Withdrawal drug: Opioids
action: sedative
withdrawal onset: within 24 hours last use
duration:4-7 days
characteristic: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, restlessness, muscle and bone pain, leg movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Withdrawal drug:
action:
withdrawal onset: ?
duration:
characteristic: irritability, difficulty sleeping, decreased appetite, anxiety

A

Withdrawal drug: Cannabis
action: euphoriant
withdrawal onset:?
duration: weeks
characteristic: irritability, difficulty sleeping, decreased appetite, anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

In alcohol when physical dependence develops, initial withdrawal symp of anxiety, sleeping disorder, and tremors are _____

A

mild

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Risk factors for severe alcohol withdrawal

A

Daily drinking for an extended period of time
Sedative, cocaine, or opiate opioid use
History od severe withdrawal
High alanine aminotransferase (ALT AST)
High serum GGT
Low platelet count
Low potassium level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How much is a drink?

oz regular beer
oz malt liquor
oz table wine
oz shot

A

12oz regular beer
8-9oz malt liquor
5oz table wine
1.5oz shot

28
Q

Long term alcohol consumption affects ______ which undergo an adaptive change in an attempt to maintain normal function

A

brain receptors

29
Q

When should a patient with withdrawal S/S be hospitalized?

A

Clouded sensorium
Fever
Hyperventilation
Concominant medical problem (e.g., liver failure or pancreatitis)
Hx of ETOH-withdrawal seizures
3+ risk factors for severe withdrawal

30
Q

With chronic alcohol exposure , GABA receptors become ____ responsive and _____ alcohol concentrations are required to achieve the same level os suppression, which is termed “________+

A

less; higher; tolerance

31
Q

Medication for out-patient alcohol withdrawal

A

Chlordiazepoxide
- If hepatic impairment give lorazepam

32
Q

S/S of alcohol withdrawal syndrome

A

Progressive & worsens with time:

1) Minor withdrawal S/S

2) Hallucinations

3) Withdrawal seizures

4) Delirium tremens

33
Q

Rate of successful treatment (achievement of abstinence) in treated patients with substance abuse

A

30-40%

34
Q

Delirium tremens usually begin about ____ to ____ days after someone whos dependent on ________ end a long _______ binge

A

2 to 3 ; alcohol; drinking

35
Q

Delirium tremens mortality rate

A

5%

36
Q

If untreated, delirium tremens can cause ________,__________,and _________

A

heart attack, stroke, and death

37
Q

Delirium tremens is most common amongst:

A

adult men - especially white younger unmarried
people with hx of seizures
those who have gone through alcohol withdrawal before
heavy and long term drinkers

38
Q

Of the following 8 S/S associated with ETOH withdrawal diagnostic criteria, how many must be present in order to diagnose ETOH withdrawal?

Autonomic hyperactivity
Hand tremor
Insomnia
N/V
Hallucinations
Psychmotor agitation
Anxiety
Grand mal seizures

A

At least 2 must be present at levels that cause significant distress & are not better explained by any medical condition

39
Q

10-item assessment tool that helps quantify the severity of ETOH withdrawal syndrome

A

CIWA-Ar
Clinical Insitutue withdrawal assessment for Alcohol

40
Q

What score on the CIWA-Ar indicates mild withdrawal?

A

8 or less

41
Q

What score on the CIWA-Ar indicates severe withdrawal?

A

greater than 15

42
Q

What meds may be given outpatient when the CIWA-Ar score is 8-10?

A

Chlordiazepoxide
Diazepam
Lorazepam

43
Q

What is the preferred drug class for treating symptoms of ETOH withdrawal syndrome?

A

Benzo

44
Q

Which 2 long-acting BZDs are often used for ETOH withdrawal syndrome?

A

Chlordiazepoxide
Diazepam

45
Q

Which 2 intermediate-acting BZDs are often used for ETOH withdrawal syndrome?

A

Lorazepam
Oxazepam

46
Q

What meds may be used to help a patient stop drinking?

A

Naltrexone or Disulfiram

47
Q

Naltrexone is contraindicated in ?

A

Patients needing or receiving opioids for pain relief

48
Q

Disulfiram is contraindicated in?

A

Pregnancy, significant liver disease, esophageal varices, history of GI bleeding, psychosis impulses control problems, or suicidality

49
Q

What is the most common prescription opioid?

A

Hydrocodone

50
Q

Most patients in acute pain rarely need more than how many days’ worth of opioids?

A

7 days worth

51
Q

What patients are considered to have mild opioid use disorder?

A

Those without physical dependence

52
Q

What patients are considered to have moderate/severe opioid use disorder?

A

Those with physical dependence

53
Q

What treatments may be used to manage mild opioid use disorder?

A

Naltrexone
Psychosocial Tx

54
Q

What treatments may be used to manage moderate/severe opioid use disorder?

A

Buprenorphine
Methadone
Psychosocial Tx

55
Q

What opioid antagonist is used to treat an OD in an emergency?

A

Naloxone (Narcan)

56
Q

Why does severe ETOH overdose turn into a life threat?

A

Suppression of breathing, heart rate, & temperature control

Also reduced gag reflex allows aspiration of vomit

57
Q

If alcohol is easily smelled in a room, BAC is likely greater than _______?

A

0.125

58
Q

What S/S may be seen with severe ETOH impairment?

A

Blackouts (memory gaps)
Loss of inhibition/judgment
Vomiting
Loss of consciousness

59
Q

What S/S may be seen with moderate ETOH impairment?

A

Relaxation leading to intoxication
Aggression in some people
Significant driving impairments
Increased risk of injury

60
Q

What BAC range is associated with
mild impairment
moderate impairment
severe impairment
life-threatening impairment?

A

mild impairment - 0.0 - 0.05
moderate impairment - 0.0.6- 0.15
severe impairment - 0.16 - 0.30
life-threatening impairment- 0.31 - 0.45

61
Q

Percentage of people who try an illegal drug before age 13 and develop a substance abuse disorder within 7 years? compared to ___% of those who try an illegal drug after age of 17

A

70%; 27%

62
Q

Percentage of people age 12+ who have used illicit drugs in their lifetime

A

50%

63
Q

Rate of successful treatment (achievement of abstinence) in treated patients with substance abuse

A

30-40%

64
Q

S/S of opioid overdose

A

Cold, clammy skin
Cyanosis
Pinpoint pupils
Bradypnea
Unconsciousness

65
Q

ETOH withdrawal differential diagnosis labs

A

CBC
Liver function test
UA w/ tox
BAC
CMP (electrolytes)

66
Q

Non-drug treatments for quitting drinking

A

Motivational interviewing
12-step programs

67
Q

Delirium tremens S/S

A

Hallucinations (mostly visual)
Disorientation
Tachycardia
HTN
Low-grade fever
Agitation
Diaphoresis

Psych Exam 2 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions