Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BDS4 Special Care > Substance Abuse 1 > Flashcards

Substance Abuse 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a drug?

A

Medicine or other substance which has a physiological effect when ingested or otherwise introduced into the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which group are most likely to misuse drugs?

A

Age 16-24

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What percentage of people have alcohol dependence?

A

4%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a substance use disorder?

A

cluster of cognitive, behavioural, and physiological symptoms indicating that the individual continues using the substance despite significant substance-related problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is addiction?

A

Chronic, primary, neurobiological condition influenced by genetic, psychosocial and environmental factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the risk factors for drug misuse and addiction?

A

Genetics- men more likely

Socioeconomic

Environmental:
Home, family, friends using drugs
Low-self esteem
Stress
Easy access to drugs
Peer pressure
Mental health problems
Early exposure
Physical and sexual abuse
Trauma
Homelessness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the steps in the addiction cycle for recreational drugs?

A

Acute reinforcement/social drug taking

Escalating, binging, compulsive use

Dependence

Withdrawal

Protracted withdrawal

Recovery?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the initiation and progression of drug use most associated with?

A

Initiation- social and environmental factors

Progression- neurobiological factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the steps in the pattern of addiction for opioids?

A

Intense initial intoxication

Development of tolerance

Escalation in intake

Profound dysphoria, physical discomfort and somatic withdrawal signs during abstinence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the addiction pattern for alcohol?

A

Initial intoxication less than opiods

Binges

Severe emotional and somatic withdrawal syndrome

Intense craving for drug often driven by negative emotional states but also positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What areas of the brain are associated with the reward pathway?

A

Ventral Tegmental Area

Nucleus Accumbens

Prefrontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What occurs in the reward pathway?

A

Activated by rewarding stimulus (food, water, sex)
-> information travels from the VTA then Nucleus accumbens then prefrontal cortex
-> dopamine mediated transmission allows feeling of pleasure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the effects of different neurotransmitters on how we feel?

A

Increased dopamine- euphoria

Increased serotonin- increased contentment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the elements in the psychodynamic theory of addiction?

A

2 critical
-> disordered emotions
-> disordered self- care

2 contributory
-> disordered self-esteem
-> disordered relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens upon chronic exposure to drugs?

A

Reduced sensitivity of brain to reward system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is withdrawal?

A

Array of symptoms that follow sudden withdrawal of drug that patient had been physically dependent on

17
Q

What is tolerance?

A

Users become less sensitive to the effects of a drug and require larger doses to achieve same effect previously produced by lower doses

-> different for different drugs

18
Q

What are the different ways of classifying drugs?

A

Behavioural

Pharmacodynamic

Legal

19
Q

What are the different types of behavioural classifications for drugs?

A

Stimulants- cocaine, amphetamines, nicotine

Opioids- bind to opiod receptors and produce analgesia

Sedative hypnotics- decrease arousal and have anti-anxiety, hypnosis, sleep effect

Antipsychotics- Haloperidol

Antidepressants- SSRIs

Psychedelics- mind altering

20
Q

What are the different pharmacodynamic classifications of drugs? (describe effect on brain neurotransmission)

A

Stimulants- dopamine agonists

Opioids- opioid receptor agonists

Sedative hypnotics- directly/indirectly facilitate Y-aminobutryic acid

Antipsychotics- dopamine D2 receptor antagonists and serotonin 5-HT2 receptor antagonists

Antidepressants
- Serotonin/noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors

Psychedelics- facilitate serotonergic activity directly or indirectly increasing serotonin release

21
Q

What is an offence under the misuse of drugs act 1971?

A
  • to unlawfully possess a controlled drug
  • to possess a controlled drug with intent to supply it
  • to unlawfully supply (sell/give/share) a controlled drug
  • to allow premises you occupy or manage to be used for the smoking or use of drugs
22
Q

Which drugs are in different classes?

A

A (7 years)- cocaine, heroin, MDMA, LSD, methadone, crystal meth

B (5 years)- amphetamines, cannabis, codeine, ketamine

C (2 years in prison)- anabolic steroids, benzos, GHB

23
Q

What are the risks of illicit drug use?

A

Increased risk of infections
-> TB
-> STIs
-> IV drug use- BBVs

24
Q

What are the ways that recreational drugs are taken?

A
  • Oral – Alcohol, MDMA, Prescription Drugs
  • Transmucosal – Cocaine
  • Inhalation / Smoking - Cannabis
  • Intramuscular - Ketamine
  • Intravenous – Heroin
25
Q

What are some of the possible injection related complications?

A

Cellulitis

Abscess

Thrombophlebitis

Thrombosis

Embolism

DVT

Muscoskeletal infection

Endovascular issues

26
Q

What are the ways the BBVs can be transmitted?

A
  • Contaminated blood and blood products
  • Sharing of contaminated injecting equipment including needles, syringes, spoons, filters
  • Needle-stick injuries in health-care settings
  • Tattoos or piercing with contaminated equipment
  • Sharing of razors and toothbrushes in closed settings (HBV)
  • Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) during pregnancy and delivery
  • Unprotected sex (HBV) , Rarely HCV
  • HCV is easily transmitted among individuals sharing injecting equipment
27
Q

What are the social implications of drug use?

A

Death

Suicides

Assaults

Drug related crime

Need for drug treatment services
-> fix room- supervised drug use (reduces public injecting, reduced needle sharing, improved uptake of addiction tx)

28
Q

What are some of the effects of cannabis?

A

Euphoria

Slowed thinking and rxn time

Confusion

Impaired coordination

Cough/resp infections

Impaired memory and learning

Anxiety and panic attacks

Tolerance

Addiction

29
Q

What issues could potential cause a fitness to practice meeting by GDC?

A
  • Behaviours involving or associated with potential criminality eg
  • dealing, possessing or misusing drugs/illegal substances even if there are no legal proceedings
  • Becoming involved in criminal activity
  • Violent behaviour
  • Abusive behaviour
  • Sexual harassment
  • Theft including shoplifting
  • Gaining a criminal conviction or caution
  • Financial fraud
30
Q

What do we recommend for alcohol intake?

A

14 units per week spread evenly over 3 days with alcohol free days (at least 2)

31
Q

What is the figure for daily alcohol misuse?

A

Exceeded 5 units

32
Q

What are the effects of alcohol?

A

CNS depressant

Impaired judgement, concentration, coordination

Aggression

Higher doses:
-> interference with cerebellar function
-> Ataxia
-> unconsciousness

33
Q

What are the RF for alcoholism?

A

Armed forced

Bachelors over 40

Bored housewives

Commercial travellers

Doctors

entertainers

Publicans in drinks industry

34
Q

What are the signs of addiction?

A

Loss of reliability

Mood changes

Impaired driving

Self-prescribing

Deteriorating attitude and behaviour

Personal/professional isolation

Wastage of drugs

Sloppy record keeping

35
Q

What are the causes of stress in students?

A

Dislocation from family

Relationships

Time demands of study

Finical issues

Lack of sleep

New environment

36
Q

What are the physical effects of stress?

A

Increased HR

Increased BP

Palpitation

Increase muscle tension- headaches, dizziness, jaw ache, insomnia

Sweating/blushing- hands and feet

37
Q

What are the mental effects of stress?

A

Small amounts- stimulation

Too much- affects thinking
-> confusion
-> focussing on worries
-> being preoccupied
-> negative thinking
-> difficulty making decisions

38
Q

What are the emotional effects of stress?

A

Irritability

Impatience

Anger

Frustration

Fear/anxiety

Self-doubt

Panic

Despondency

Feeling inadequate/insecure

Hopeless

Depression

39
Q

What should be done if you or colleague have addiction problem?

A

Put interests of patient first

Consult senior colleague and ask for advice/support
-> document encounter

Consider whether you are safe to practice

Engage with support groups and medical services

BDS4 Special Care (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions