Subprograms

Question 1

Subroutines are the

Answer 1

Fundamental building blocks of programs

Question 2

Where can subroutines be defined?

Answer 2

Within programs or separately in libraries

Question 3

What are some other names for a subroutine are (4)

Answer 3

Procedure, routine, method or subprogram

Question 4

During the execution of a subroutine the caller is

Answer 4

Suspended

Question 5

Where is the control returned to when a subroutine execution terminates

Answer 5

To the caller

Question 6

Parameters/formal params are the

Answer 6

Expected values

Question 7

Actual pamareter/arguments are the

Answer 7

Actual values provided by the calling program

Question 8

What are the two types of actual/formal parameters

Answer 8

Positional and keyword parameters

Question 9

Position parameters the binding is done

Answer 9

By the position

Question 10

Keywords parameters, what are stored together

Answer 10

Formal parameters and corresponding actual parameters

Question 11

What are the advantages of network parameters

Answer 11

Order is irrelevant

Don’t worry about wrongly ordered parameters

Question 12

Disadvantages keyword parameters

Answer 12

Users must know and specify the names of formal parameters

Question 13

What are the two parameters passing methods

Answer 13

Semantic models and implementation models

Question 14

What are the three distinct semantic models that formal parameters are characterized by?

Answer 14

In mode, out mode, and inout mode

Question 15

What is inmode?

Answer 15

They can receive data from the corresponding actual parameters

Question 16

What is out mode?

Answer 16

They can transmit data to the actual parameters

Question 17

Inout mode

Answer 17

Inmode and out mode

Question 18

What are the five implementation models?

Answer 18

Pass by value, pass by result, pass by value result, pass by reference and pass by name

Question 19

What is pass by value

Answer 19

The value of the actual parameter is used to initialize the corresponding formal parameters which then acts as a local variable in the subprogram.

Question 20

What do pass by value used to implement

Answer 20

In-mode semantics

Question 21

What are Pass by value implemented by

Answer 21

Copy

Question 22

What is Pass by result

Answer 22

No value is transmites to a subroutine
The corresponding formal parameter acts as a local variables whose value is transmitted back to the callers actual parameter

Question 23

What as pass by result used to implement

Answer 23

Out-mode params

Question 24

What are the pros for pas any result and pass by value?

Answer 24

Fast for scalars (linkage costs and access time)

No side affects to the params

Question 25

What are the cons for pass by value, pass by result and pass by value-result

Answer 25

Parameter collision for the result ones
Extra storage
Copy and storage can be costly if large

Question 26

What is pass by value result and what are the two steps

Answer 26

Combo of pass by value and pass by result (pass by copy)

(1) value of the actual parameter is used to initialize the corresponding formal param
(2) the formal parameters acts as a local variables and at sub termination value is transmitted back to the actual parameter

Question 27

Pass by reference is an implementation model for

Answer 27

Inout mode params

Question 28

Most languages use what type of stack to pass parameters

Answer 28

runtime

Question 29

When are inmode parameters used

Answer 29

Whenever no data is returned to the caller

Question 30

When is outmode parameters used

Answer 30

When no data is transferred to the callee but the sub routine but transmit data back to the caller

Question 31

When is inout mode params used

Answer 31

Used only when data must move in both directions between caller and caller

Question 32

What are two complications with subroutine params

Answer 32

Are params type checked

What ref envi should be used for executing the passed subroutine

Question 33

Shallow binding is the environment of the call statement that

Answer 33

Enacts the passed subroutine

Question 34

Deep binding is the environment of the

Answer 34

Definition of the subroutine

Question 35

Ad hoc binding is the environment of the call statement that

Answer 35

Passed it as an actual parameter

Question 36

When can deep binding and ad hoc brining be the same

Answer 36

When a subroutine is declared and passed by the same subroutine

Question 37

Static scoped languages usually use what type of being gay

Answer 37

Deep

Question 38

Dynamic scoped languages usually used what type of binding

Answer 38

Shallow

Question 39

What is an overloaded subroutine

Answer 39

Has same name as another subroutine but different referencing environment but different signature

Question 40

What is an generic/polymorphic subroutine

Answer 40

Takes parameters of different types on different activations

Question 41

Ad hoc polymorphism is what type of subroutines

Answer 41

Overloaded subroutines that need not behave similarly

Question 42

What type of polymorphism is provided by a subroutine that takes generic params to describe the types of params

Answer 42

Parametric

Often called generic subroutines

Question 43

What is a subroutine that has multiple entry points which are controlled by these particular types of subroutines themselves

Answer 43

Coroutine

Question 44

What is the invocation of a coroutine named

Answer 44

Resume