Subordinate Horizons

Question 1

k

Answer 1

Accumulation of pedogenic carbonates, commonly calcium carbonate.

Question 2

g

Answer 2

Strong gleying in which iron has been reduced and removed during soil formation or in which iron has been preserved in a reduced state because of saturation with stagnant water.

Question 3

h

Answer 3

Illuvial accumulation of organic matter in the form of amorphous, dispersible organic matter-sesquioxide complexes.

Question 4

s

Answer 4

Illuvial accumulation of sesquioxides and organic matter in the form of illuvial, amorphous, dispersible organic matter-sesquioxide complexes if both organic matter and sesquioxide components are significant and the value and chroma of the horizon are >3.

Question 5

p

Answer 5

Plowing or other disturbance of the surface layer by cultivation, pasturing or similar uses.

Question 6

m

Answer 6

Continuous or nearly continuous cementation or induration of the soil matrix by carbonates (km), silica (qm), iron (sm), gypsum (ym), carbonates and silica (kqm), or salts more soluble than gypsum (zm).

Question 7

t

Answer 7

Accumulation of silicate clay that either has formed in the horizon and is subsequently translocated or has been moved into it by illuviation.

Question 8

b

Answer 8

Identifiable buried genetic horizons in a mineral soil

Question 9

i

Answer 9

Slightly decomposed organic material in which rubbed fiber content is more than about 2/5 of the volume.

Question 10

e

Answer 10

Organic material of intermediate decomposition in which rubbed fiber content is 1/6 to 2/5 of the volume.

Question 11

a

Answer 11

Highly decomposed organic material where rubbed fiber content averages <1/6 of the volume.

Question 12

w

Answer 12

Development of color or structure in a horizon but with little or no apparent illuvial accumulation of materials.

Question 13

ss

Answer 13

slick and slides