Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy block 1 > Suboccipital triangle-Shoulder region Posterior. > Flashcards

Suboccipital triangle-Shoulder region Posterior. Flashcards

1
Q

Suboccipital triangle

Mention:

  1. Location
  2. Boundaries
  3. Roof
  4. Floor
  5. Contents
A

Location - Inferior to occipital region

Boundaries -

  1. Rectus capitis posterior major
  2. Obliquus capitis superior
  3. Obliquus capitis inferior;

Roof –

  1. Semispinalis capitis
  2. Trapezius

Floor -

  1. Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane
  2. Posterior arch of the atlas

Contents -

  1. Vertebral artery
  2. Suboccipital nerve (dorsal ramus of C1)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Suboccipital group of back muscles:

A
  1. Rectus capitis posterior major
  2. Rectus capitis posterior minor
  3. Obliquus capitis superior
  4. Obliquus capitis inferior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Rectus capitis posterior major

Mention:

  • Origen
  • Insertion
  • Innervation
  • Function
A

Origen:

Spinous process of axis (C2)

Insertion:

Lateral portion of occipital bone below inferior nuchal line

Innervation:

Posterior ramus of C1 (motor)

Function:

  1. Extension of head
  2. Rotation of face to same side as muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Rectus capitis posterior minor:

Mention:

  • Origen
  • Insertion
  • Innervation
  • Function
A

Origen:

Posterior tubercle of atlas (C1)

Insertion:

Medial portion of occipital bone below inferior nuchal line

Innervation:

Posterior ramus of C1

Function:

Extension of head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Obliquus capitis superior

Mention:

  • Origen
  • Insertion
  • Innervation
  • Function
A

Origen:

Transverse process of atlas (C1)

Insertion:

Occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines

Innervation:

Posterior ramus of C1

Function:

Extension of head and bends it to same side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Obliquus capitis inferior

Mention:

  • Origen
  • Insertion
  • Innervation
  • Function
A

Origen:

Spinous process of axis (C2)

Insertion:

Transverse process of atlas (C1)

Innervation:

Posterior ramus of C1

Function:

Rotation of face to same side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Suboccipital group of back muscles

Are innervated by what? and where does these muscle act?

A

Innervated by the posterior ramus of C1 (suboccipital nerve)

These muscles are mainly postural- act on the head directly or indirectly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Flexion and extension of head (atlanto-occipital joints)

Flexion

A
  1. Rectus capitis anterior

2. Longus capitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Flexion and extension of head (atlanto-occipital joints)

Extension

A
  1. Rectus capitis posterior major
  2. Rectus capitis posterior minor
  3. Superior oblique of head
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q 
Scapulohumeral Muscles 
(intrinsic shoulder muscles)
A
  1. Deltoid
  2. Supraspinatus
  3. Infraspinatus
  4. Teres minor
  5. Teres major
  6. Subscapularis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Deltoid

A

Clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Anterior: flexes, medially rotates

Middle: abducts (to 90%)

Posterior: extends, laterally rotates

–> Axillary nerve

–> Posterior circumflex humeral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Infraspinatus

A
  • -> Infraspinous fossa
  • -> Greater tuberosity
  • -> Lateral rotation

–> Suprascapular nerve

–> Suprascapular artery

To test the infraspinatus, the person flexes the elbow and adducts the arm. The arm is then laterally rotated against resistance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Supraspinatus

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Function

A

Origin

Medial two-thirds of the supraspinous fossa of the scapula and the deep fascia that covers the muscle

Insertion

Most superior facet on the greater tubercle of the humerus

Innervation

Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)

Function

Rotator cuff muscle; participates in:

Abduction (ABB) of the glenohumeral joint

Stabilization of glenohumeral joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Origin

Medial two-thirds of the infraspinous fossa of the scapula and the deep fascia that covers the muscle

Insertion

Middle facet on posterior surface of the greater tubercle of the humerus

Innervation

Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)

Function

Rotator cuff muscle; lateral rotation of arm at the glenohumeral joint

Stabilization of glenohumeral joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Teres minor

A

Origin

Upper two-thirds of a flattened strip of bone on the posterior surface of the scapula immediately adjacent to the lateral border of the scapula

Insertion

Inferior facet on the posterior surface of the greater tubercle of the humerus

Innervation

Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

Function

Rotator cuff muscle; lateral rotation of arm at the glenohumeral joint

Stabilization of glenohumeral joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Teres Major

A

Origin

Elongate oval area on the posterior surface of the inferior angle of scapula

Insertion

Medial lip of the inter tubercular sulcus of the anterior surface of the humerus

Innervation

Inferior subscapular nerve (C5, C6, C7)

Function

Medial rotation and extension of the arm at the glenohumeral joint;

stabilization of glenohumeral joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Subscapularis

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Function

A

Origin

Medial two-thirds of sub scapular fossa

Insertion

Lesser tubercle of humerus

Innervation

Upper and lower sub scapular nerves (C5, C6, C7)

Function

Rotator cuff muscle;
Medial rotation of the arm at the glenohumeral joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Shoulder (Pectoral) Girdle :

A

is comprised of the bones that connect the upper extremity to the axial skeleton. Two bones comprise the shoulder: the clavicle and scapula.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  1. Sternoclavicular (SC) joint :
A

is the only bony link between the upper limb and the axial skeleton (sternum). Allows for movements of the scapula; double synovial plane gliding joint

20
Q
  1. Acromioclavicular (AC) joint
A

Allows the upper limb to be away from the thorax permitting a greater range of upper limb motion.

21
Q
  1. Glenohumeral (shoulder) joint:
A

Is formed by the articulation of the head of the humerus with the glenoid cavity of the scapula. Greatest range of motion of any joint in the body.

22
Q
  1. Scapulothoracic joint
A

A “functional” joint between the subscapularis and serratus anterior muscle

23
Q

Coracoclavicular ligament has 2 parts -

A

vertical conoid ligament and nearly horizontal trapezoid ligament

Coracoclavicular ligament rupture – cross over adduction test is positive and seen as step-off deformity

24
Q

Boundaries and contents of Quadrangular and Triangular spaces:

A
  1. Quadrangular space

2. Triangular space

25
Q

Quadrangular space

A
  • -> axillary nerve
  • -> posterior circumflex humeral artery

Boundaries:

  • Teres minor
  • Teres major
  • Long head of triceps
  • Surgical neck of humerus *
26
Q

Triangular space

A

Contains? –> Circumflex scapular artery

  • Teres Minor
  • Teres Major
  • Long head of triceps
27
Q

Triangular interval:

A

Boundaries:

  1. Triceps long head
  2. Teres major
  3. Shaft of humerus
  • Radial nerve
  • Deep brachial artery
28
Q

Blood and nerve supply to

posterior shoulder:

A

Suprascapular artery

Note:

–> Artery goes over

–> Nerve goes under superior transverse ligament of the scapula

29
Q

How do you test the deltoid?

A

Remember:

You can test the deltoid or the function of the axillary nerve that supples it…

The arm is ABDUCTED, starting from approximately 15°, against resistance

**Surgical neck of humerus

30
Q

Clinical problems

Fractures of the surgical neck of the humerus:

A

Fractures of the surgical neck of the humerus can damage the axillary nerve compromising the function of the deltoid especially abduction of the arm

The suprascapular n.and artery can become entraped by the inferior transverse ligament and cause atrophy of the infraspinatus muscle

31
Q

Rotator Cuff

A

The glenoid cavity is relatively shallow and by itself cannot hold the head of the humerus in place

The muscles of the rotator cuff hold the head of the humerus in position

32
Q

Rotator cuff muscles:

A

Supraspinatus- superiorly to greater tubercle (lateral rotator)

Infraspinatus- posteriorly to greater tubercle (lateral rotator)

Teres minor- posteriorly to greater tubercle (lateral rotator)

Subscapularis- anteriorly to lesser tubercle (medial rotator)

There is no support to prevent displacement of the head of the humerus inferiorly

Supraspinatus: is the most commonly injured muscle of the rotator cuff

33
Q

Injury or disease may damage the musculotendinous rotator cuff, producing?

A

Producing instability of the glenohumeral joint.

34
Q

Trauma may tear or rupture one or more of the tendons of the ?

A

Of the SITS muscles

35
Q

What disease of the rotator cuff affects older people?

A

Degenerative tendonitis

36
Q

Adhesive capsulitis (“frozen shoulder”) is caused by?

A

Adhesive fibrosis and scarring between the inflamed joint capsule of the glenohumeral joint, rotator cuff, subacromial bursa, and deltoid.

This is a condition seen in individuals 40- 60 years of age

37
Q

The supraspinatus, besides being part of the rotator cuff, initiates the?

A

Initiates the first 15° of abduction of the arm.

38
Q

Inflammation and calcification of the subacromial bursa result in ?

A

Pain, tenderness, and limitation of movement of the glenohumeral joint.

This condition is also known as calcific scapulohumeral bursitis.

39
Q

Clinical: Shoulder Dislocation

Anteroinferior dislocation (most common)

A

Shoulder pain, often with visible deformity.

Weakness in shoulder abduction (deltoid) and numbness over the deltoid suggest axillary nerve injury (common)

May damage posterior humeral circumflex artery

Inferior glenohumeral ligaments (IGHL) lesion and lack of support by rotator cuff tendons

90% of injuries

40
Q

Clinical: Fracture of the clavicle

A

The clavicle is the most commonly fractured bone
in the body

Typical site of fracture middle third

After fracture medial portion is pulled superiorly by sternocleidomastoid muscle

The lateral portion is pulled inferiorly by the weight of the shoulder

The shoulder is pulled medially by the pectoralis major

41
Q

Scapular Anastomoses

Anastomoses:

A

Anastomoses is communications between arteries

42
Q

Suprascapular artery is a branch of?

A

Thyrocervical trunk

43
Q

Dorsal scapular artery comes from?

A

Subclavian artery

44
Q

Circumflex scapular artery:

A

Subscapular artery, from axillary artery

45
Q

Possibly intercostal arteries from?

A

Thoracic aorta

46
Q

Jobe (or empty can) test:

A

Patient hold their arm in 90 degrees of abduction,
30 degrees of forward flexion,
resist a downward force while in the thumbs down position

Weakness in this position (positive test) indicates supraspinatus injury

Anatomy block 1 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions