Sublanguages

Question 1

DCL

Answer 1

Data Control Language, setting user permissions (GRANT, REVOKE)

Question 2

DDL

Answer 2

Data Definition Language, working with database structure (CREATE, ALTER, TRUNCATE, DROP) EX: CREATE TABLE (Schema)[TableName] (Column definitions (Constraints))

ALTER TABLE [TableName] ADD (Column) [Column definition] ADD (Constraint clause) DROP [column] [cascade] DROP Constraint ALTER COLUMN [definition]

Question 3

DML

Answer 3

Data Manipulation Language, working with the rows of data itself (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE) EX: INSERT INTO [TableName] [columns] VALUES (data input) SELECT (drop entire result set into table)

Question 4

DQL

Answer 4

Data Query Language, retrieving rows of data (SELECT). EX: SELECT [columnList] FROM [tableList] WHERE [conditionList] GROUP BY [columnList] //For aggregate functions HAVING [condition] ORDER BY [columnList]

Question 5

TCL

Answer 5

Transaction Control Language, managing transactions (COMMIT, ROLLBACK, SAVEPOINT)

Question 6

Sequences

Answer 6

Generate numeric sequence, mostl for creating/managing primary keys, EX: CREATE OR REPLACE SEQUENCE [Name] MINVALUE value, MAXVALUE value, START WITH value, INCREMENT BY value, CACHE value

Question 7

Triggers

Answer 7

Series of PL/SQL commands which execute in response to some DML action, either before or after.

Question 8

Views

Answer 8

Virtual table that displays the results of a SELECT statement, lets you reuse and store complex queries

Question 9

Indexes

Answer 9

Physical ordering of a column or group of columns, having unique indexes

Question 10

Alias

Answer 10

The AS or IS keyword allows you to set a Table name or column name as a short variable.

Question 11

Aggregate

Answer 11

Functions (AVG, MIN, MAX, SUM, COUNT) perform an action on an entire column

Question 12

Scalar functions

Answer 12

(LOWER, UPPER, NVL) operate on individual entries