Subdivision and Organisation of the Human Brain Flashcards
What changes with mammalian species?
The forebrain becomes larger and more complicated.
Sulci subdivided the ______ into _______
Sulci subdivided the hemispheres into natural compartments
eg; central sulcus, lateral fissure
CS lies between _____ and stops just before _____
Lies between PrCS and PoCS and stops before lateral fissure
_____ connects to the lateral fissure, and usually stops short laterally
Parieto occipital Sulcus
Why is the forebrain the most important?
Because it determines personality, decisions, makes you.. you
Primary motor cortex
- comes up and slightly medial
- determines movement of muscles on opposing side
How is the division of the motor cortex
Lower 1/3: face
Middle 1/3: Hand (esp fingers)
Upper 1/3: wrist, trunks, feet.
What would happen if you damaged a part of the primary somatosensory cortex?
The corresponding sensory area would go numb (similar homonculus to motor)
Primary visual cortex lies either side of _____ and is organised in a _________
Primary visual cortex lies either side of calcarine sulcus and is organised in a visuotopical manner
What does visuotopical mean?
organisation where peripheral and medial is organised
What surrounds the primary visual cortex
secondary association areas (colour/movement detection)
The primary auditory cortex is also called? How is it organised
‘Transverse Gyrus of Heschl”
Tonotopically organised: different tones going low to high throughout the cortex.
How is the motor cortex organised
Somatotopically
What surrounds all the primary areas??
secondary association areas. These areas of the brain interface with the outside environment and feed in/out put into the primary areas.
What drives verbal language?
Association areas on the LEFT (dominant) hemispere side of the brain
What is Wernicke’s area, and what happens when its affected?
Speech recognition.
If affected you can hear but not understand ‘sensory aphasia’
What is Broca’s area, and what happens when its affected?
Controls the layrnx, pharynx and speaking apparatus. Notice it is semi connected to the pirmary motor cortex.
if affected: motor/non-fluent aphasia (can’t speak)
An aphasia is?
disorder of speech associated with the brain
What connects the Broca’s and Wernickes Areas?
Arcuate Fasciculus. Very clear bundle of fibres
Supermarginal Angular Gyrus
Critical for reading and writing, gets input from wernickes and broca’s.
Projects to exners area, (area that controls writing).
Then whats on the RIGHT hemisphere
Non-Verbal Language (body language, 95% communication)
- Emotional expression
- Spatial 3D skills
- Conceptual understanding
- Artistic/musical skills
Affects of injury to the right hemisphere?
- spatial disorientation
- loss of musical appreciation
- speech lacks emotion
- loss of non-verbal language
- can recognise loved ones
Frontal Association Cortex is for?
Personality Intelligence behaviour Mood Cognitive function
“makes you YOU”
Parietal Association Cortex is for?
- Spatial skills
- 3D recognition
- shapes
- faces
- written word
- concepts
- abstract perception
Temporal Association cortex
- memory
- mood
- aggression
- intelligence
