Subdivision and Organisation of the Human Brain

Question 1

What changes with mammalian species?

Answer 1

The forebrain becomes larger and more complicated.

Question 2

Sulci subdivided the ______ into _______

Answer 2

Sulci subdivided the hemispheres into natural compartments

eg; central sulcus, lateral fissure

Question 3

CS lies between _____ and stops just before _____

Answer 3

Lies between PrCS and PoCS and stops before lateral fissure

Question 4

_____ connects to the lateral fissure, and usually stops short laterally

Answer 4

Parieto occipital Sulcus

Question 5

Why is the forebrain the most important?

Answer 5

Because it determines personality, decisions, makes you.. you

Question 6

Primary motor cortex

Answer 6

• comes up and slightly medial

- determines movement of muscles on opposing side

Question 7

How is the division of the motor cortex

Answer 7

Lower 1/3: face
Middle 1/3: Hand (esp fingers)
Upper 1/3: wrist, trunks, feet.

Question 8

What would happen if you damaged a part of the primary somatosensory cortex?

Answer 8

The corresponding sensory area would go numb (similar homonculus to motor)

Question 9

Primary visual cortex lies either side of _____ and is organised in a _________

Answer 9

Primary visual cortex lies either side of calcarine sulcus and is organised in a visuotopical manner

Question 10

What does visuotopical mean?

Answer 10

organisation where peripheral and medial is organised

Question 11

What surrounds the primary visual cortex

Answer 11

secondary association areas (colour/movement detection)

Question 12

The primary auditory cortex is also called? How is it organised

Answer 12

‘Transverse Gyrus of Heschl”

Tonotopically organised: different tones going low to high throughout the cortex.

Question 13

How is the motor cortex organised

Answer 13

Somatotopically

Question 14

What surrounds all the primary areas??

Answer 14

secondary association areas. These areas of the brain interface with the outside environment and feed in/out put into the primary areas.

Question 15

What drives verbal language?

Answer 15

Association areas on the LEFT (dominant) hemispere side of the brain

Question 16

What is Wernicke’s area, and what happens when its affected?

Answer 16

Speech recognition.

If affected you can hear but not understand ‘sensory aphasia’

Question 17

What is Broca’s area, and what happens when its affected?

Answer 17

Controls the layrnx, pharynx and speaking apparatus. Notice it is semi connected to the pirmary motor cortex.

if affected: motor/non-fluent aphasia (can’t speak)

Question 18

An aphasia is?

Answer 18

disorder of speech associated with the brain

Question 19

What connects the Broca’s and Wernickes Areas?

Answer 19

Arcuate Fasciculus. Very clear bundle of fibres

Question 20

Supermarginal Angular Gyrus

Answer 20

Critical for reading and writing, gets input from wernickes and broca’s.

Projects to exners area, (area that controls writing).

Question 21

Then whats on the RIGHT hemisphere

Answer 21

Non-Verbal Language (body language, 95% communication)

• Emotional expression
• Spatial 3D skills
• Conceptual understanding
• Artistic/musical skills

Question 22

Affects of injury to the right hemisphere?

Answer 22

• spatial disorientation
• loss of musical appreciation
• speech lacks emotion
• loss of non-verbal language
• can recognise loved ones

Question 23

Frontal Association Cortex is for?

Answer 23

Personality
Intelligence
behaviour 
Mood
Cognitive function

“makes you YOU”

Question 24

Parietal Association Cortex is for?

Answer 24

• Spatial skills
• 3D recognition
• shapes
• faces
• written word
• concepts
• abstract perception

Question 25

Temporal Association cortex

Answer 25

• memory
• mood
• aggression
• intelligence